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1 | |
The "indirect effects" model suggests that |
| | A) | psychological factors can only cause or exacerbate physical illness in people who already have a biological vulnerability to an illness or a mild form of the illness. |
| | B) | psychological factors influence the development and progress of physical illness by affecting a person's health-related behaviors. |
| | C) | physiological factors can only indirectly affect cognitive and emotional functioning. |
| | D) | psychological factors influence the development and progress of physical illness by causing physiological changes that lead to or exacerbate disease. |
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2 | |
The safety signal hypothesis asserts that |
| | A) | predictability makes a negative event less stressful because we can better prepare for it. |
| | B) | uncontrollable events are less stressful than controllable events. |
| | C) | negative events are more likely than positive events to be stressful and to negatively affect physical and mental health. |
| | D) | even positive life events can be stressful and negatively affect physical and mental health. |
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3 | |
Which of the following is not a physiological occurrence when the body faces a stressor? |
| | A) | The liver releases extra sugar (glucose) to help fuel muscles. |
| | B) | The spleen releases more red blood cells to help carry oxygen. |
| | C) | Saliva and mucus dry up, increasing the size of air passages to the lungs. |
| | D) | Metabolism decreases in order to delay digestion. |
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4 | |
Which of the following statements about coronary heart disease (CHD) is true? |
| | A) | CHD occurs when the supply of blood though vessels is excessive, putting pressure on the vessel walls. |
| | B) | Because it is frequently fatal, CHD is typically a short-lived condition. |
| | C) | Myocardial infarctions typically precede angina pectoris. |
| | D) | CHD is the leading cause of death among women. |
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5 | |
Which of the following statements is false? |
| | A) | Because blood pressure in people with hypertension drops more quickly following a stressor than it does in people without hypertension, it can lead to stroke. |
| | B) | Lymphocytes are suppressed in animals that have been exposed to stressors. |
| | C) | In rats, T-cells multiply more quickly when rats are exposed to controllable stress, as opposed to uncontrollable stress. |
| | D) | People with more stress in their lives are more likely to develop colds than people with less stress are. |
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6 | |
Excessive sleepiness for at least one month as indicated by either prolonged sleep episodes or daytime sleep episodes occurring almost daily is known as |
| | A) | narcolepsy. |
| | B) | primary hypersomnia. |
| | C) | primary insomnia. |
| | D) | circadian rhythm sleep disorder. |
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7 | |
Repeated abrupt awakenings that include panicky screams, intense fear, autonomic arousal, relative unresponsiveness to the efforts of others to comfort, and amnesia for the episode, is diagnosed as |
| | A) | sleepwalking disorder. |
| | B) | nightmare disorder. |
| | C) | sleep terror disorder. |
| | D) | posttraumatic sleep disorder. |
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8 | |
Cataplexy is |
| | A) | the sudden loss of muscle tone lasting from a few seconds to minutes. |
| | B) | an irresistible attack of sleep. |
| | C) | repeated episodes of upper-airway obstruction during sleep. |
| | D) | a sudden increase in muscle tone during nightmares. |
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9 | |
Research suggests that pessimistic people |
| | A) | are less likely to make medical visits. |
| | B) | are more likely than optimists to die after being diagnosed with cancer. |
| | C) | are more likely to engage in healthy behaviors. |
| | D) | have lower blood pressure than optimist people. |
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10 | |
Essential hypertension is |
| | A) | a form of hypertension in which genetics appear to play a role. |
| | B) | a form of hypertension that can be traced to a specific organic cause, such as kidney dysfunction. |
| | C) | a form of hypertension not typically found in African Americans. |
| | D) | a form of hypertension in which the causes are unknown. |
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11 | |
What of the following statements about the Type A pattern is false? |
| | A) | Type A people have a sense of time urgency. |
| | B) | Type A people are often anxious and depressed. |
| | C) | Type A people are very competitive at work but can relax without feeling guilty when not at work. |
| | D) | Type A people are more likely to be male than female. |
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12 | |
Which of the following is the best predictor of coronary heart disease? |
| | A) | time urgency |
| | B) | competitiveness |
| | C) | a Type A behavior pattern |
| | D) | hostility |
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13 | |
Repressors |
| | A) | have lower base levels of cortisol because of chronic stress. |
| | B) | have less autonomic arousal than nonrepressors when completing sentences with sexual or aggressive content. |
| | C) | are not aware of their chronic physiological arousal but are aware of their negative emotions. |
| | D) | have poorer immune system functioning. |
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14 | |
Which of the following statements is false? |
| | A) | Cognitive therapy is an effective treatment for irritable bowel syndrome. |
| | B) | Biofeedback is more effective than simple relaxation techniques in reducing pain and headaches. |
| | C) | Guided mastery techniques are effective at reducing risky sexual behavior among African-American adolescents. |
| | D) | Biofeedback training can successfully reduce blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. |
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15 | |
Which of the following is not one of the elements in effective time management as described in this chapter? |
| | A) | scheduling specific times to accomplish unimportant activities |
| | B) | breaking large tasks into smaller tasks |
| | C) | distinguishing between distal goals and proximal goals |
| | D) | rewarding yourself |
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16 | |
All of the following are highly active during the fight-or-flight response except the: |
| | A) | hypothalamus. |
| | B) | parasympathetic nervous system. |
| | C) | sympathetic nervous system. |
| | D) | adrenal-cortical system. |
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17 | |
The general adaptation syndrome consists of which phases? |
| | A) | resistance (r) alarm (r) resilience (r) exhaustion |
| | B) | alarm (r) resistance (r) resilience (r) exhaustion |
| | C) | resistance (r) resilience (r) alarm |
| | D) | alarm (r) resistance (r) exhaustion |
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18 | |
T-cells: |
| | A) | are types of natural killer cells, which are types of lymphocytes. |
| | B) | multiplied just as well in rats who could control their exposure to shock as those rats who were not shocked. |
| | C) | are more prevalent among animals who have been exposed to loud noise, electric shock, or separation from their mothers. |
| | D) | are types of lymphocytes that seek out and destroy viruses. |
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19 | |
The DSM-IV recognizes all of the following categories of sleep disorders except: |
| | A) | sleep disorder due to a general medical condition. |
| | B) | substance-induced sleep disorder. |
| | C) | sleep disorder due to another mental disorder. |
| | D) | sleep disorder due to stress. |
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20 | |
Someone who experiences repeated awakenings with detailed recall of extended and extremely frightening dreams, usually involving threats to survival, security, or self-esteem, would be most likely diagnosed with: |
| | A) | sleepwalking disorder. |
| | B) | sleep terror disorder. |
| | C) | primary hypersomnia. |
| | D) | nightmare disorder. |
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