 |
1 | |
Psychology is defined as the science of |
| | A) | the psyche. |
| | B) | emotions. |
| | C) | behavior and mental processes. |
| | D) | unconscious mental processes. |
|
|
2 | |
What are the four goals of psychology? |
| | A) | describe, predict, understand, influence |
| | B) | observe, analyze, experiment, understand |
| | C) | observe, describe, understand, prevent |
| | D) | describe, analyze, understand, control |
|
|
3 | |
Which theorist(s) used introspection as a method of scientific investigation? |
| | A) | William James |
| | B) | Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Tichner |
| | C) | Max Wertheimer |
| | D) | Hermann Ebbinghaus and Mary Whiton Calkins |
|
|
4 | |
The phi phenomenon was used by __________________ to demonstrate that the whole is different from the sum of its parts. |
| | A) | functionalists |
| | B) | Gestalt psychologists |
| | C) | structuralists |
| | D) | behaviorists |
|
|
5 | |
Of the following schools, two have ideas grounded in the work of Charles Darwin. Which are they? |
| | A) | structuralism and behaviorism |
| | B) | behaviorism and evolutionary psychology |
| | C) | functionalism and humanism |
| | D) | evolutionary psychology and functionalism |
|
|
6 | |
Of the following research designs, which illustrates the psychometric approach? |
| | A) | Using the Weschler Intelligence Scales to screen children for learning disabilities. |
| | B) | Observing the humanitarian acts of individuals encountering an injured stranger. |
| | C) | Recording the aggressive acts of children following their viewing of a violent film. |
| | D) | Administering tokens to behavior-disordered children when they display appropriate behavior. |
|
|
7 | |
Which of the following psychologists insisted that mental functions could not be studied scientifically? |
| | A) | Sigmund Freud |
| | B) | Carl Rogers |
| | C) | J. B. Watson |
| | D) | Mary Whiton Calkins |
|
|
8 | |
"We learn by watching the behavior and consequences experienced by friends and family members as readily as we learn by actually performing the behavior and experiencing the consequences ourselves." Which psychologist might have made this statement? |
| | A) | Alfred Binet |
| | B) | Albert Bandura |
| | C) | Sigmund Freud |
| | D) | Hermann Ebbinghaus |
|
|
9 | |
Innate sexual and aggressive motives are central themes in |
| | A) | psychoanalysis. |
| | B) | behaviorism. |
| | C) | humanism. |
| | D) | the sociocultural perspective. |
|
|
10 | |
In direct contrast to the psychoanalytic idea that humans need society to structure behavior, ______________ feel that society often makes it difficult to have an accurate perception of the self. |
| | A) | humanists |
| | B) | behaviorists |
| | C) | evolutionary psychologists |
| | D) | sociocultural psychologists |
|
|
11 | |
A psychologist is studying the behaviors associated with decreasing levels of acetylcholine in the brain. This psychologist most likely specializes in ______________ psychology. |
| | A) | cognitive |
| | B) | neuroscientific |
| | C) | behavioral |
| | D) | evolutionary |
|
|
12 | |
In which perspective are gender identity and ethnicity topics of critical importance? |
| | A) | neuroscientific |
| | B) | evolutionary |
| | C) | humanistic |
| | D) | sociocultural |
|
|
13 | |
In the late 1990s, Martin Seligman called for a psychological revolution. What was Seligman's revolution all about? |
| | A) | Because Freudian theories cannot be empirically tested, he urged to practitioners to stop using psychoanalytic techniques. |
| | B) | Instead of focusing solely on human problems, he urged psychologists to also investigate factors that result in psychological health and happiness. |
| | C) | He insisted that psychology utilize the human genome project as a major tool for advancing our knowledge of genetic factors in human behavior. |
| | D) | He warned that the current classification system for diagnosing mental illness was seriously outdated and called for a complete revision of the system. |
|
|
14 | |
Of the following, which is considered a basic area in psychology? |
| | A) | health psychology |
| | B) | educational psychology |
| | C) | developmental psychology |
| | D) | clinical psychology |
|
|
15 | |
A psychologist publishes a paper titled "The effect of early exposure to commercial advertising on the development of adolescent eating disorders." This psychologist is most likely a _______________ psychologist. |
| | A) | motivation and emotion |
| | B) | biological psychologist |
| | C) | personality psychologist |
| | D) | clinical psychologist |
|