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1 | |
The primary therapeutic goal of _____ is to help a person achieve greater insight, which is the awareness of the underlying dynamics of their problems. |
| | A) | humanistic therapy |
| | B) | cognitive therapy |
| | C) | behavior modification |
| | D) | psychoanalysis |
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2 | |
Susan has an anxiety disorder and has sought help from a therapist, Dr. Jonas. Dr. Jonas believes that Susan's anxiety is related to her unconscious fear of her unmet sexual impulses and that in order for Susan to get over her anxiety problem, she needs to have greater awareness of this unconscious dynamic. Dr. Jonas is most likely associated with the _____approach to therapy, and appears to be trying to produce positive changes by fostering more _____. |
| | A) | psychodynamic; transference |
| | B) | interpersonal; empathy |
| | C) | psychoanalytic; insight |
| | D) | humanistic; unconditional positive regard |
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3 | |
A therapist who uses a humanistic approach would most likely have the goal of creating a therapeutic environment that _____. |
| | A) | encourages insight |
| | B) | challenges irrational thoughts |
| | C) | reinforces desired behaviors |
| | D) | allows for self-exploration |
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4 | |
Josh is visiting Karen when he accidentally breaks a valuable plate. He has always considered himself clumsy and now, he thinks, here is another instance that proves it. He begins to tell Karen how stupid he is, feels very embarrassed, and breaks out in a sweat. According to Ellis's rational-emotive ABCD model, the Josh's self-criticism, feelings of embarrassment, and sweating would represent the _____. |
| | A) | C (consequences) |
| | B) | B (belief system) |
| | C) | A (activating event) |
| | D) | D (disputing of erroneous beliefs) |
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5 | |
Exposure therapies operate on the assumption that _____ is the most direct way to reduce or eliminate a learned anxiety response. |
| | A) | classical extinction |
| | B) | positive reinforcement |
| | C) | operant extinction |
| | D) | response cost punishment |
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6 | |
Janice has a phobia of dogs, but her new boyfriend has a Great Dane, so Janice decides to consult with a behavior therapist, Dr. Class. Dr. Class first teaches Janice a muscle relaxation technique. After she has learned this, Dr. Class helps her create a list of increasingly fearful situations involving dogs. Starting with the least feared situation, Dr. Class has Janice imagine it and then use her relaxation training to eliminate any anxiety that arises. Dr. Class is using the general technique called _____ and the list that they have created is an example of _____. |
| | A) | aversive conditioning; a punishment |
| | B) | systematic desensitization; a stimulus hierarchy |
| | C) | exposure therapy; flooding |
| | D) | behavior modification; positive reinforcer |
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7 | |
_____ is a computer technology that can create highly realistic simulations of actual experiences so vividly that they evoke many of the same reactions that a comparable real‑world environment would create; this technology has been used to treat a limited number of psychological disorders. |
| | A) | systematic desensitization |
| | B) | psychodynamic behavior therapy |
| | C) | virtual reality |
| | D) | aversion therapy |
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8 | |
The process in which some individuals experience complete symptom reduction in the absence of any treatment is known as _____. |
| | A) | the placebo effect |
| | B) | natural recovery |
| | C) | spontaneous remission |
| | D) | automatic adjustment |
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9 | |
Dr. Steenbergen designs a study to test the effectiveness of a new treatment for anxiety disorders. After making sure that her participants are roughly similar on important demographic variables, she assigns people randomly to receive her new therapy or another therapy technique that has already been proven to be effective. Of the following statements, the one which best describes Dr. Steenbergen's study is that her study _____. |
| | A) | uses randomized clinical trials and has a placebo control group |
| | B) | uses randomized clinical trials but does not have a placebo control group |
| | C) | does not use randomized clinical trials but has a placebo control group |
| | D) | does not use randomized clinical trials and does not have a placebo control group |
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10 | |
Modern meta-analyses comparing the effectiveness of various types of therapies have concluded that _____. |
| | A) | behavioral and psychodynamic therapies are the most effective |
| | B) | client-centered therapies are the most effective |
| | C) | most therapies are no more effective than receiving no treatment at all |
| | D) | with some exceptions, most different therapies are equally effective |
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11 | |
The fact that vastly different types of therapies often produce similar outcomes has led some researchers to search for what are called _____, which are similar elements shared by each of the approaches that may account for their common successes. |
| | A) | meta-factors |
| | B) | joint components |
| | C) | common factors |
| | D) | shared components |
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12 | |
Tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, and SSRIs are categories of drugs used to treat _____. |
| | A) | anxiety disorders |
| | B) | schizophrenia |
| | C) | depression |
| | D) | somatoform disorders |
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13 | |
The Consumer Reports therapy survey had several shortcomings, which include all of the following except _____. |
| | A) | the specificity question was not asked |
| | B) | a control group was used |
| | C) | only 1.6 percent of those contacted responded |
| | D) | respondents gave a global after-the-fact evaluation |
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14 | |
The main goal of psychoanalysis is to help clients achieve _____. |
| | A) | insight |
| | B) | free association |
| | C) | dream analysis |
| | D) | resistance |
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15 | |
When clients project their anxieties, fears, or other impulses onto the therapist during psychoanalytic therapy, ______ has occurred. |
| | A) | insight |
| | B) | free association |
| | C) | transference |
| | D) | resistance |
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16 | |
Of the following, the one which is not part of the therapist's task in humanistic psychotherapy is _____. |
| | A) | unconditional positive regard |
| | B) | conditions of worth |
| | C) | empathy |
| | D) | genuineness |
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17 | |
In Ellis's rational-emotive therapy, the key to changing maladaptive emotions and behaviors is _____. |
| | A) | dream analysis |
| | B) | insight |
| | C) | disputing erroneous beliefs |
| | D) | somatic therapy |
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18 | |
In extinction, the phobic object is _____. |
| | A) | the UCS |
| | B) | paired with a noxious UCS |
| | C) | presented in the absence of the UCS |
| | D) | the UCR |
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19 | |
In aversion therapy, the behavior to be changed is _____. |
| | A) | paired with a noxious UCS |
| | B) | considered to be a UCS |
| | C) | presented in the absence of the UCS |
| | D) | negatively reinforced |
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20 | |
Token economies _____. |
| | A) | use aversion therapy procedures |
| | B) | use extinction procedures |
| | C) | don't work |
| | D) | use operant conditioning techniques to strengthen desired behaviors |
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21 | |
In the mid-1950s, psychiatric patients occupied _____ of all U.S. hospital beds. |
| | A) | half |
| | B) | one third |
| | C) | 20% |
| | D) | 10% |
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22 | |
Eclectic therapists _____. |
| | A) | use psychodynamic behavioral therapy exclusively |
| | B) | believe strongly that therapists should use a single theoretical orientation |
| | C) | use electroconvulsive therapy exclusively |
| | D) | use a combination of different orientations and techniques |
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23 | |
The question: "Which types of therapy, administered by which kinds of therapists, to which kinds of clients, having which kinds of problems, produce which kinds of effect?" is known as the _____ question. |
| | A) | therapeutic |
| | B) | therapist |
| | C) | specificity |
| | D) | clinical trial |
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24 | |
A _____ allows researchers to combine the results of many studies statistically to arrive at an overall conclusion. |
| | A) | placebo control group |
| | B) | randomized clinical trial |
| | C) | meta-analysis |
| | D) | correlational study |
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25 | |
Common factors in successful psychotherapy include all of the following except _____. |
| | A) | decreased self-efficacy |
| | B) | faith in the therapist |
| | C) | an opportunity to practice new behaviors |
| | D) | increased optimism |
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26 | |
_____ is a scientific term that refers to whether a therapy can produce positive outcomes exceeding those in control conditions. |
| | A) | Meta-analysis |
| | B) | Placebo |
| | C) | Effectiveness |
| | D) | Efficacy |
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27 | |
MAO inhibitors _____. |
| | A) | reduce the activity of the enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters in the synapse |
| | B) | increase levels of monamine oxidase |
| | C) | decrease levels of serotonin |
| | D) | have less severe side effects than the tricyclics |
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28 | |
SSRIs _____. |
| | A) | increase MAO levels |
| | B) | decrease MAO levels |
| | C) | have more serious side effects than either tricyclics or MAO inhibitors |
| | D) | increase levels of serotonin in the synapse |
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29 | |
ECT is used to _____. |
| | A) | increase MAO levels |
| | B) | treat severely depressed people when other measures fail |
| | C) | surgically remove parts of the brain |
| | D) | place patients in a vegetative state |
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30 | |
Procedures that are used to increase people's self-efficacy are the core of _____. |
| | A) | ECT |
| | B) | competency-focused intervention |
| | C) | situation-focused intervention |
| | D) | deinstitutionalization |
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