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1 | |
The principle stating that a biologically based characteristic that contributes to survival will increase in a population over time because those who lack the characteristic are less likely to pass on their genes is known as ____. |
| | A) | a genetically-based disease |
| | B) | behavior genetics |
| | C) | natural selection |
| | D) | inheritance |
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2 | |
The study of biologically based mechanisms that evolved as solutions to a species' problems of adaptation is called ____. |
| | A) | survival |
| | B) | behaviorism |
| | C) | the theory of evolution |
| | D) | behavior genetics |
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3 | |
Hereditary potential is carried within the ____ portion of the 23 pairs of ____. |
| | A) | dominant; twins |
| | B) | evolutionary; chromosomes |
| | C) | DNA; chromosomes |
| | D) | DNA; genes |
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4 | |
A dominant gene is one that ____. |
| | A) | interacts with multiple gene pairs to determine a single phenotype |
| | B) | determines the expression of the trait it controls only if its gene partner is also dominant |
| | C) | determines the expression of the trait it controls only if its gene partner is recessive |
| | D) | directly determines the expression of the trait it controls |
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5 | |
Both of Perry's parents have blue eyes and Perry himself also has the gene for blue eyes, yet Perry's eyes are brown. This indicates that the gene for blue eyes is ____. |
| | A) | polygenic |
| | B) | phenotypic |
| | C) | recessive |
| | D) | dominant |
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6 | |
The probability of a child sharing any particular gene with his or her parents is ____. |
| | A) | .05 |
| | B) | .25 |
| | C) | .50 |
| | D) | 1.0 |
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7 | |
Identical twins are known as ____. |
| | A) | dizygotic because they developed from two zygotes |
| | B) | monozygotic because they developed from a single zygote |
| | C) | monozygotic because each twin has only one zygote |
| | D) | genotypic |
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8 | |
The specialized cells that make up the basic building blocks of the nervous system are called ____. |
| | A) | axons |
| | B) | dendrites |
| | C) | neurons |
| | D) | glial cells |
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9 | |
A sudden reversal in the cell membrane's voltage, during which the membrane voltage moves from –70mv to +40mv, is called ____. |
| | A) | the action potential threshold |
| | B) | the all-or-none law |
| | C) | a graded potential |
| | D) | an action potential |
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10 | |
The changes in the electrical potential of a neuron that are proportional to the amount of incoming stimulation from other neurons are called ____ potentials. |
| | A) | resting |
| | B) | action |
| | C) | graded |
| | D) | polarized |
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11 | |
When a neuron is stimulated, tiny protein structures on the cell membrane called ____ are activated. |
| | A) | ion channels |
| | B) | neurotransmitters |
| | C) | synaptic vesicles |
| | D) | myelin sheaths |
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12 | |
Multiple sclerosis occurs when a person's own immune system specifically attacks the ____. |
| | A) | dendrites |
| | B) | glial cells |
| | C) | myelin sheath |
| | D) | ion channels |
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13 | |
A tiny gap between the axon terminal and the next neuron through which the neurotransmitters pass is called the ____. |
| | A) | synapse |
| | B) | synaptic vesicle |
| | C) | myelin sheath |
| | D) | ion channel |
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14 | |
Neurotransmitters that depolarize the postsynaptic neuron are called ____. |
| | A) | excitatory transmitters |
| | B) | inhibitory transmitters |
| | C) | receptor sites |
| | D) | synaptic vesicles |
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15 | |
The ____ nervous system consists of all the neurons of the brain and spinal cord. |
| | A) | sympathetic |
| | B) | parasympathetic |
| | C) | peripheral |
| | D) | central |
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16 | |
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems play complementary roles in maintaining ____, which refers to a balanced or constant internal state. |
| | A) | homeosynthesis |
| | B) | homeostasis |
| | C) | neural plasticity |
| | D) | a resting potential |
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17 | |
CAT scans, PET scans, MRIs and fMRIs are all examples of ____. |
| | A) | electrical recording |
| | B) | destruction and stimulation techniques |
| | C) | brain imaging |
| | D) | neuropsychological tests |
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18 | |
A newborn baby is having such trouble regulating his breathing and heart rate that doctors are forced to place him on life support. If we assume that his symptoms are due to some abnormalities in or damage to his nervous system, the most likely area to investigate is the infant's ____. |
| | A) | thalamus |
| | B) | hypothalamus |
| | C) | amygdala |
| | D) | medulla |
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19 | |
Researchers destroy a particular area of a male rat's brain and the rat subsequently loses its sex drive (i.e., he no longer shows interest in sexual opportunities). It is most likely that the rat's ____ was the site of the damage. |
| | A) | hippocampus |
| | B) | thalamus |
| | C) | hypothalamus |
| | D) | amygdala |
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20 | |
The ____ system helps to coordinate behaviors needed to satisfy motivational and emotional urges produced by the ____. |
| | A) | parasympathetic; thalamus |
| | B) | sympathetic; thalamus |
| | C) | limbic; hypothalamus |
| | D) | hippocampal; hypothalamus |
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21 | |
Drugs affect behavior and ____ by influencing the activity of ____. |
| | A) | consciousness; the myelin sheath |
| | B) | consciousness; neurons |
| | C) | body movements; the association cortex |
| | D) | consciousness; Broca's area |
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22 | |
As a result of a head trauma, a man loses his ability to create speech but can still understand what people say to him. He has most likely suffered damage to ____. |
| | A) | Broca's area |
| | B) | the amygdala |
| | C) | the cerebellum |
| | D) | Wernicke's area |
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23 | |
Scientists have suggested that the entire period of human evolution could be labeled "the age of the ____ lobe." |
| | A) | occipital |
| | B) | temporal |
| | C) | parietal |
| | D) | frontal |
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24 | |
The neural link between the two hemispheres that allows them to act as a single unit is called the ____. |
| | A) | Wernicke area |
| | B) | corpus callosum |
| | C) | aphasia |
| | D) | agnosia |
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25 | |
Research demonstrating that rat pups raised in stimulating environments had larger neurons with more dendritic branches than did rat pups raised in standard cages is an example of ____. |
| | A) | neural plasticity |
| | B) | split-brain research |
| | C) | what happens when the corpus callosum is cut |
| | D) | functions influenced by Wernicke's area |
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26 | |
Immature, "uncommitted" cells that can mature into any type of neuron or glial cell needed by the brain are called ____. |
| | A) | neural plastic cells |
| | B) | neural stem cells |
| | C) | interneurons |
| | D) | motor neurons |
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27 | |
The ____ system consists of numerous glands distributed throughout the body. |
| | A) | endocrine |
| | B) | immune |
| | C) | central nervous |
| | D) | parasympathetic nervous |
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28 | |
Hormones are the primary method of communication for the ___. |
| | A) | nervous system |
| | B) | endocrine system |
| | C) | immune system |
| | D) | cerebral cortex |
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29 | |
When an ____ invades the body, the ____ system creates ____ to destroy it. |
| | A) | antibody; endocrine; antigen |
| | B) | antigen; endocrine; antibody |
| | C) | antigen; immune; antibody |
| | D) | antibody; immune; antigen |
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30 | |
The case of ____ is an example of a factor that impairs survival persisting in a population because another trait in the same "package" is even more important for survival. |
| | A) | antibodies |
| | B) | genetic engineering |
| | C) | DNA |
| | D) | sickle cell disease |
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