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1 | |
The lowest intensity at which a stimulus can be detected 50% of the time is known as the ____. |
| | A) | difference threshold |
| | B) | absolute threshold |
| | C) | signal detection |
| | D) | just noticeable difference |
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2 | |
Desperate to leave Gilligan's island, Ginger scans the horizon and shouts every time she sees (or thinks she sees) anything that could possibly be a ship. Tired of her false alarms, the skipper decrees that every time a ship is spotted, one of Ginger's gowns must be used as a signal flag. As a result, Ginger quickly adopts a higher ____ . |
| | A) | situational factor |
| | B) | decision criterion |
| | C) | false alarm |
| | D) | detection threshold |
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3 | |
Regarding the impact of subliminal messages on attitudes and behavior, experimental research has suggested that subliminal messages have ____. |
| | A) | no impact on attitudes and behaviors |
| | B) | an equal impact on attitudes and behaviors |
| | C) | a stronger impact on behaviors than on attitudes |
| | D) | a stronger impact on attitudes than on behaviors |
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4 | |
The ____ threshold is defined as the smallest difference between two stimuli that can be perceived 50% of the time. |
| | A) | absolute |
| | B) | sensation |
| | C) | difference |
| | D) | perceptual |
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5 | |
According to a Weber fraction, the jnd for weight is 1/50. Therefore, if an object weighed 1kg (1000g), a second object would have to weigh at least ____ for you to notice a difference between the two objects. |
| | A) | 2kg |
| | B) | 1020g |
| | C) | 1050g |
| | D) | 50g |
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6 | |
You have just prepared a bath for yourself. As you are getting into the tub, you find that the water feels very hot, almost too hot. However, you continue to ease yourself into the tub and pretty soon, even though it has remained the same temperature, the water no longer feels so hot. The characteristic of sensory neurons that is responsible for this phenomenon is known as ____. |
| | A) | sensory adaptation |
| | B) | the refractory period |
| | C) | the all-or-none law |
| | D) | signal detection |
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7 | |
The receptors for black-and-white and brightness are called ____, while the receptors for color are called ____. |
| | A) | rods; cones |
| | B) | cones; rods |
| | C) | ganglion cells; bipolar cells |
| | D) | bipolar cells; ganglion cells |
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8 | |
The department of transportation contacts you and asks what color they should make their road signs so that they will be most visible at night. Given what you have learned in this chapter about the sensitivity of rods under conditions of low illumination, one color you would not want to pick is ____. |
| | A) | yellow |
| | B) | blue |
| | C) | green |
| | D) | red |
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9 | |
The progressive improvement in brightness sensitivity that occurs over time under conditions of low illumination is called ____. |
| | A) | transduction |
| | B) | dark adaptation |
| | C) | visual acuity |
| | D) | opponent-process |
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10 | |
The current modern theory of color sensation uses the ____ theory to explain the behavior of the cones in color vision. A modified version of the ____ theory that emphasizes the role of ganglion cells is used to explain the presence of afterimages and certain types of color blindness. |
| | A) | trichromatic; additive color mixture |
| | B) | dual process; trichromatic |
| | C) | opponent process; dual process |
| | D) | trichromatic; opponent process |
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11 | |
Groups of neurons within the primary visual cortex that are organized to receive and integrate sensory nerve impulses originating in specific regions of the retina are called ____. |
| | A) | ganglion cells |
| | B) | bipolar cells |
| | C) | feature detectors |
| | D) | opponent processors |
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12 | |
You are standing on the sidewalk and a bus drives past you with a billboard on the side. With seemingly no effort, your visual system simultaneously is able to process information about the words on the billboard, the color and speed of the bus, and how far away from you the bus is. This simultaneous analyzing of information related to different visual characteristics is called ____. |
| | A) | parallel processing |
| | B) | hierarchical processing |
| | C) | transduction |
| | D) | bottom-up processing |
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13 | |
Fluid waves from inside the ____ vibrate the basilar membrane and the membrane above it, causing a bending in the ____ in the organ of Corti. |
| | A) | tiny bones of the inner ear; eardrum |
| | B) | hair cells; cochlea |
| | C) | cochlea; hair cells |
| | D) | tiny bones of the inner ear; hair cells |
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14 | |
The place theory of pitch perception states that pitch is determined by ____. |
| | A) | neurons that fire at the same frequency as the incoming stimulus |
| | B) | neurons that fire at the same amplitude as the incoming stimulus |
| | C) | the specific place in the cochlea where the fluid wave peaks more |
| | D) | the way that the eardrum resonates in response to different frequencies |
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15 | |
While cleaning his ear a little too vigorously, Steve accidentally punctures the eardrum in his right ear and is unable to hear out of this ear. Steve's injury would be classified as an example of ____ deafness. |
| | A) | conduction |
| | B) | temporal lobe |
| | C) | nerve |
| | D) | localized |
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16 | |
The chemical sense of taste is called ____; the chemical sense of smell is called ____. |
| | A) | the vestibular sense; olfaction |
| | B) | gustation; olfaction |
| | C) | olfaction; the vestibular sense |
| | D) | olfaction; kinesthesis |
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17 | |
The four qualities that our sense of taste responds to are ___. |
| | A) | sweet, sour, salty, bitter |
| | B) | sweet, sour, salty, tart |
| | C) | sour, salty, biting, tart |
| | D) | sweet, sour, salty, sugary |
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18 | |
Chemical signals found in natural body scents that may affect human and animal behavior are called ____. |
| | A) | olfactors |
| | B) | buds |
| | C) | gustators |
| | D) | pheromones |
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19 | |
Of the following, the one which is not classified as a tactile sensation is ____. |
| | A) | pressure |
| | B) | touch |
| | C) | warmth |
| | D) | gustation |
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20 | |
Our sense of body orientation or equilibrium is called ____. |
| | A) | kinesthesis |
| | B) | the vestibular sense |
| | C) | olfaction |
| | D) | coordination |
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21 | |
As you are reading this question, feature detectors in you visual system are analyzing the various stimulus components and recombining them into your perception of letters and words. This is an example of ____ processing. |
| | A) | figure-ground |
| | B) | top-down |
| | C) | parallel |
| | D) | bottom-up |
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22 | |
Perceptual set is an example of ____ processing. |
| | A) | figure-ground |
| | B) | top-down |
| | C) | parallel |
| | D) | bottom-up |
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23 | |
A new commercial presents its product in a rather novel and intense way, making use of a lot of movement and special effects. If this ad were to capture your attention, it would best be viewed as an example of how ____ can affect attention. |
| | A) | personal motives |
| | B) | sensory adaptation |
| | C) | internal factors |
| | D) | environmental factors |
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24 | |
You would likely recognize the following set of stimuli as the word "cat" due to the Gestalt principle of ____. C /-\ T |
| | A) | similarity |
| | B) | figure-ground |
| | C) | proximity |
| | D) | continuity |
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25 | |
Many political cartoonists have an uncanny ability to capture the most noteworthy facial features of famous people, so that we can easily recognize the person represented by even the simplest line sketch. This is an example of the way we use ____. |
| | A) | closure |
| | B) | bottom-up processing |
| | C) | perceptual schemas |
| | D) | sensory habituation |
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26 | |
A binocular distance cue produced by feedback from the muscles that turn your eyes inward to view a near object is called ____. |
| | A) | stroboscopic movement |
| | B) | convergence |
| | C) | monocularism |
| | D) | perceptual constancy |
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27 | |
Stroboscopic movement is ____. |
| | A) | the movement of a visual image to an area outside the fovea |
| | B) | the principle behind motion pictures |
| | C) | an illusory movement caused by inaccurate binocular depth cues |
| | D) | a subliminal technique that has been outlawed |
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28 | |
Compelling but incorrect perceptions of stimuli are called ____. |
| | A) | illusions |
| | B) | perceptual schemas |
| | C) | perceptual sets |
| | D) | stroboscopic movements |
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29 | |
Artists use light and dark areas of paint to represent depth in three-dimensional objects portrayed on canvas. This representation relies on ____. |
| | A) | binocular cues |
| | B) | deception |
| | C) | monocular cues |
| | D) | sensory adaptation |
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30 | |
Bill had been blind from birth, but when he was 30 he underwent surgery that enabled him to see. Unfortunately, however, he was never able to recognize faces other than those of people he knew well. This is most likely because the ____. |
| | A) | schema for facial recognition was inaccurate |
| | B) | critical period for facial recognition was already past |
| | C) | sensory adaptation had already taken place |
| | D) | surgeon was incompetent |
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