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1 | |
Consciousness is ____. |
| | A) | subjective |
| | B) | public |
| | C) | static |
| | D) | not central to our sense of self |
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2 | |
Learning to drive a car or play a musical instrument would be an example of ____. |
| | A) | compensatory processing |
| | B) | controlled processing |
| | C) | automatic processing |
| | D) | preconscious processing |
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3 | |
When a person is learning how to type, their behavior usually involves ____ processing, but someone who can type quickly, efficiently, and accurately is probably utilizing more ____ processing. |
| | A) | automatic; controlled |
| | B) | controlled; automatic |
| | C) | automatic; effortful |
| | D) | effortful; controlled |
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4 | |
Most circadian rhythms are regulated by the brain's ____. |
| | A) | thalamus |
| | B) | suprachiasmatic nuclei |
| | C) | biological clock |
| | D) | sleep waves |
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5 | |
Some modern psychodynamic views that incorporate information processing perspectives from cognitive psychology also suggest that ____. |
| | A) | the mind is modular |
| | B) | unconscious emotional and motivational urges influence our behavior |
| | C) | divided attention is the source of all of our abilities |
| | D) | the manifest content of dreams is the source of unconscious desires |
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6 | |
The model that suggests that the mind is made up of distinct but interacting information-processing subsystems within the brain that perform tasks related to sensation, perception, memory and so forth is known as the ____ model. |
| | A) | activation-synthesis |
| | B) | emotional unconscious |
| | C) | information-processing |
| | D) | modular |
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7 | |
A really jolly old guy just before and during Christmas Eve, Santa Claus becomes psychologically depressed every year during the dreary winter months at the North Pole. This really ticks off Mrs. Claus, who wants to hit the hot beaches of Rio during February. Santa's mood does improve after the winter months. His wife convinces Santa to visit Dr. Jack Frost, who believes that Santa likely suffers from a cyclic condition called ____. |
| | A) | REM |
| | B) | apnea |
| | C) | REM-sleep behavior disorder |
| | D) | SAD |
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8 | |
One reason that shiftwork has a detrimental effect on circadian rhythms is that ____. |
| | A) | there isn't enough variability in the sleep schedules of shift workers |
| | B) | the nature of shiftwork is more physically taxing that other types of work typically done during the day |
| | C) | shift workers often get too much sleep |
| | D) | shift workers often go home in the morning daylight, which makes it difficult to reset their circadian clocks |
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9 | |
EEG recordings of the brain's electrical activity show ____ waves during alert waking states, ____ waves during relaxation and drowsy states, and ____ waves during deep sleep states. |
| | A) | alpha; beta; delta |
| | B) | alpha; delta; beta |
| | C) | beta; alpha; delta |
| | D) | delta; alpha; beta |
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10 | |
REM is a period of sleep when ____. |
| | A) | dreaming does not occur |
| | B) | physiological arousal increases to daytime levels |
| | C) | dreams are shorter than in non-REM sleep |
| | D) | legs and arms typically flail away |
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11 | |
Studies examining the sleep habits of identical and fraternal twins have revealed that ____. |
| | A) | genetic factors are significant, but environmental factors also account for important sleep differences |
| | B) | environmental factors don't really account for any of the sleep differences |
| | C) | genetic factors account for essentially all of the sleep differences |
| | D) | environmental factors account for essentially all of the sleep differences |
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12 | |
Patients suffering from ____ are often misdiagnosed as having a mental disorder rather than a sleep disorder, and may be mistakenly viewed as lazy at work because they become drowsy or fall asleep uncontrollably. They report a lowered quality of life, and are prone to accidents. |
| | A) | sleep walking |
| | B) | sleep apnea |
| | C) | narcolepsy |
| | D) | egotism |
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13 | |
You awaken in the middle of the night to find your roommate standing in the corner of your room with an aggressive look on his face, punching a pillow, and running in place. Despite this strange behavior, you realize that your roommate is still asleep. When you wake him he tells you he was having a bizarre dream about being in a fight while running on a treadmill. Given what you have learned in introductory psychology, it is most likely that your roommate ____. |
| | A) | may have narcolepsy |
| | B) | was having a night terror |
| | C) | may have sleep apnea |
| | D) | may have REM behavior disorder |
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14 | |
A wife is disturbed many times during the night by her husband's apparent difficulty breathing, although he doesn't have a cold or allergies. Every few minutes, her husband's breathing seems to stop until he gasps or snorts and then starts breathing again. It is most likely that the husband is suffering from _____. |
| | A) | sleep apnea |
| | B) | airway cataplexy |
| | C) | side effects from the REM rebound effect |
| | D) | nightmares related to drowning |
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15 | |
Many people experience visual hallucinations during the first few minutes of sleep, as mental activity becomes less thoughtlike and more dreamlike. The transitional state from wakefulness through early stage 2 sleep is called the ____. |
| | A) | evolutionary/circadian state |
| | B) | REM sleep state |
| | C) | hypnagogic state |
| | D) | hypnotic state |
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16 | |
Because of censorship codes in the early years of motion pictures, directors could not show sexual activity on screen. Instead, they sometimes used metaphors for sex such as picturing a train going into a tunnel. If such content appeared in a dream, Freud would consider the content symptomatic of ____. |
| | A) | problem-solving |
| | B) | activation-synthesis |
| | C) | the brain's attempt to understand random neural content |
| | D) | wish fulfillment |
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17 | |
Criticism of the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming has suggested that it overestimates the____ of dreams and fails to consider the fact that dreams also occur ____. |
| | A) | wish fulfillment; during REM sleep |
| | B) | problem-solving ability; during REM sleep |
| | C) | bizarreness; during NREM sleep |
| | D) | interpretive capacity; in the daytime |
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18 | |
The theories that suggest that dreaming and waking thought are produced by the same mental systems in the brain are called ____ theories. |
| | A) | problem-solving |
| | B) | activation-synthesis |
| | C) | wish fulfillment |
| | D) | cognitive-process |
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19 | |
Beth has a very vivid imagination. Though she has a very ordinary job, she often imagines that she is working on top-secret projects with national security implications. When at home by herself, she is easily able to visualize herself in many exciting and exotic places that she has in fact never actually visited. According to the text, Beth would best be classified as having ____. |
| | A) | high hypnotic susceptibility |
| | B) | a fantasy-prone personality |
| | C) | divided attention |
| | D) | a hallucinatory personality |
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20 | |
Drugs that inhibit or decrease the actions of a neurotransmitter are called ____. |
| | A) | stimulants |
| | B) | antagonists |
| | C) | agonists |
| | D) | blood-brain barriers |
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21 | |
Opiates such as morphine and codeine both contain molecules that are similar to endorphins, the body's natural painkillers. Opiates like these bind to receptor sites that are keyed to endorphins and trigger similar pain reducing responses. Given these characteristics, both morphine and codeine would be classified as ____. |
| | A) | antagonists |
| | B) | hallucinogens |
| | C) | antigens |
| | D) | agonists |
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22 | |
In order to stay up late to study for exams, Sara starts drinking beverages containing caffeine. After continuing this practice for several months, Sara notices that she needs to consume more caffeine to stave off drowsiness. This decrease in her response to caffeine is best viewed as example of ____. |
| | A) | drug withdrawal |
| | B) | drug tolerance |
| | C) | the placebo effect |
| | D) | drug dependence |
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23 | |
If a drug is introduced into the nervous system, the body attempts to maintain its state of optimal physiological balance, called ____, by adjusting for this imbalance by producing ____, which are reactions opposite to the effect of the drug. |
| | A) | tolerance; compensatory responses |
| | B) | withdrawal symptoms; homeostasis |
| | C) | compensatory responses; withdrawal symptoms |
| | D) | homeostasis; compensatory responses |
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24 | |
Alcohol is a(n) ____. |
| | A) | depressant |
| | B) | stimulant |
| | C) | hallucinogen |
| | D) | agonist |
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25 | |
Drugs such as LSD and mescaline are called _____. They tend to distort or intensify sensory experience and can blur the boundary between reality and fantasy. |
| | A) | depressants |
| | B) | hallucinogens |
| | C) | opiates |
| | D) | stimulants |
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26 | |
All of the following demonstrate how environmental factors affect reactions to drugs except ____. |
| | A) | familiar external stimuli can trigger compensatory responses |
| | B) | an individual's response to a drug may match the reactions of friends sharing the drug |
| | C) | in some cultures, drinking does not lead to aggressive behavior |
| | D) | a certain gene is more prevalent in alcoholics and their children than in non-alcoholics and their children |
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27 | |
Research in the area of forensic psychology has found that hypnosis _______ a reliable way to enhance memory and that hypnotized participants typically remember information _________ than nonhypnotized participants who are asked to use imagery or other memory tricks to facilitate recall. |
| | A) | is not; no better |
| | B) | is; no better |
| | C) | is not; better |
| | D) | is; better |
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28 | |
A state of heightened suggestibility in which some people are able to experience imagined test suggestions as if they were real is called ____. |
| | A) | mesmerism |
| | B) | animal magnetism |
| | C) | hypnosis |
| | D) | hypnotic amnesia |
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29 | |
Studies of hypnosis have shown that ____. |
| | A) | hypnosis can increase pain tolerance |
| | B) | hypnosis usually improves one's memory |
| | C) | people under hypnotic induction perform physiological feats significantly greater than those in placebo control groups |
| | D) | hypnotized people do not subjectively experience their actions to be involuntary |
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30 | |
This theory that argues that hypnotic effects occur because people are acting out a social role: ____. |
| | A) | dissociation theory |
| | B) | divided consciousness theory |
| | C) | social cognitive theory |
| | D) | forensic hypnosis technique |
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