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Chapter Outline
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  1. REMEMBERING: MEMORY AS INFORMATION PROCESSING
    1. A Three-Stage Model
      1. Sensory Memory
      2. Short-Term/Working Memory
        1. Memory codes
        2. Capacity and duration
        3. Putting short-term memory "to work"
      3. Long-Term Memory
    2. Encoding: Entering Information
      1. Effortful and Automatic Processing
      2. Levels of Processing: When Deeper Is Better
      3. Exposure and Rehearsal
      4. Organization, Imagery, and Mnemonics
        1. Hierarchies and Chunking
        2. Visual Imagery
        3. Other Mnemonic Devices
      5. How Prior Knowledge Shapes Encoding
        1. Schemas: Our Mental Organizers
        2. Schemas and Expert Knowledge
      6. Encoding and Exceptional Memory
        1. What Do You Think? Would Perfect Memory Be a Gift or a Curse?
    3. Storage: Retaining Information
      1. Memory as a Network
        1. Associative Networks
        2. Neural Networks
      2. Types of Long-Term Memory
        1. Declarative and Procedural Memory
        2. Explicit and Implicit Memory
    4. Retrieval: Accessing Information
      1. The Value of Multiple Cues
      2. The Value of Distinctiveness
      3. Beneath the Surface: Do We Really "Remember It Like It Was Yesterday"?
      4. Context, State, and Mood Effects on Memory
        1. Context-Dependent Memory: Returning to the Scene
        2. State-Dependent Memory: Arousal, Drugs, and Mood
  2. FORGETTING
    1. The Course of Forgetting
    2. Why Do We Forget?
      1. Encoding Failure
      2. Decay of the Memory Trace
      3. Interference
        1. What Do You Think? Is It Really on the Tip of Your Tongue?
      4. Motivated Forgetting
      5. Amnesia
    3. Forgetting to Do Things
  3. MEMORY AS A CONSTRUCTIVE PROCESS
    1. Schemas and Memory Distortion
    2. Research Close-Up: Memory Illusions: Remembering Information That Was Never Presented
    3. Misinformation Effects and Eyewitness Testimony
    4. The Child as Eyewitness
      1. Accuracy and Suggestibility
      2. True Versus False Reports: Can Professionals Tell Them Apart?
    5. The "Recovered Memory" Controversy
    6. Culture and Memory Construction
  4. MEMORY AND THE BRAIN
    1. Where Are Memories Located?
    2. How Are Memories Formed?
    3. Applying Psychological Science: Improving Memory and Academic Learning







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