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1 | |
In the three-stage memory model, iconic memory is part of _____ memory. |
| | A) | sensory |
| | B) | short-term |
| | C) | long-term |
| | D) | echoic |
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2 | |
Both elaborative and maintenance rehearsal keep information active in ____ memory, but ____ rehearsal is more effective in transferring information to long-term memory. |
| | A) | short-term; elaborative |
| | B) | sensory; maintenance |
| | C) | short-term; maintenance |
| | D) | sensory; elaborative |
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3 | |
According to psychologist Alan Baddeley, working memory is divided into _____ components. |
| | A) | sensory, short-term, and long-term memory |
| | B) | episodic, procedural, and semantic memory |
| | C) | auditory, visual-spatial, and central executive |
| | D) | encoding, storage, and retrieval |
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4 | |
New professor Cyko LeGist is faced with the unenviable task of trying to memorize all of his new students' names, so he decides to employ elaborative rehearsal techniques to do this. To enhance his long-term recall of student Melody Balobalo, LeGist should _____. |
| | A) | repeat her name over and over again |
| | B) | associate a mental image of her with a ball bouncing up and down over a song melody |
| | C) | divide her name into smaller chunks like Mel - O - Dy Bal - O - Bal - O |
| | D) | use only short-term memory |
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5 | |
Of the following, the one which is not one of the three basic memory processes is _____. |
| | A) | encoding |
| | B) | attention |
| | C) | storage |
| | D) | retrieval |
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6 | |
The capacity of short-term, or working, memory is thought to be about _____ units of information. |
| | A) | an infinite number of |
| | B) | ten |
| | C) | seven ± two |
| | D) | six |
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7 | |
Words at the end of a list are typically remembered better than words presented in the middle. This is known as the ____ effect and it presumably happens because the last few words on the list remain in ____ memory. |
| | A) | serial position; sensory |
| | B) | recency; long-term |
| | C) | primacy; short-term |
| | D) | recency; short-term |
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8 | |
Making a grocery list and taking notes for a class are both examples of ____, which is encoding that is initiated intentionally and requires conscious attention. |
| | A) | effortful processing |
| | B) | automatic processing |
| | C) | maintenance rehearsal |
| | D) | state-dependent memory |
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9 | |
The method of loci is a memory enhancing technique based on ____ and is consistent with the predictions of _____ theory. |
| | A) | imagery; dual-coding |
| | B) | chunking; dual-coding theory |
| | C) | hierarchies; encoding specificity |
| | D) | acronyms; encoding specificity |
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10 | |
If you go to see a movie in a theater, you know that the movie isn't going to start as long as the lights are on. Once the movie starts, you also know that it is considered impolite to talk during the movie and that if you need to leave, it is best to try not to disturb others. This collection of thoughts is best considered to be an example of ____. |
| | A) | overlearning |
| | B) | a schema |
| | C) | chunking |
| | D) | the amygdala's role in memory |
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11 | |
If you think for a moment about the concept SCHOOL, it is likely that other concepts such as TEXTBOOKS, TEACHERS, and EXAMS will also come to mind. The fact these other words can be triggered by the word SCHOOL is best considered as an example of ____. |
| | A) | procedural memory |
| | B) | proactive interference |
| | C) | dual encoding |
| | D) | priming |
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12 | |
Memory researcher Dr. Brain E. Smart claims that a concept such as "dog" is triggered by the simultaneous firing of nodes #8, #47, and #123 in a network, but if node #8 is simultaneously triggered with nodes #9 and #301, an entirely different concept appears in the mind. Dr. Smart's views are most consistent with the ____ theory of memory. |
| | A) | dual coding |
| | B) | associative network |
| | C) | state-dependence |
| | D) | neural network |
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13 | |
Research by Mantyla (1986) suggests that the use of _____ cue(s) is the most effective way to improve recall memory. |
| | A) | a single, vivid |
| | B) | multiple, self-generated |
| | C) | a single, self-generated |
| | D) | multiple, expert-generated |
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14 | |
According to the _____, memory is better when the conditions present during encoding match those that are present during retrieval. |
| | A) | dual processing theory |
| | B) | decay theory |
| | C) | encoding specificity principle |
| | D) | the principles of implicit memory |
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15 | |
Imagine that you have studied for an exam in a quiet environment where your physiological arousal was low. On the day of the exam, you are given the test in a quiet environment and your physiological arousal remains low. The concept of state-dependent memory predicts that your recall would ____, and the concept of context-dependent memory predicts that your recall would ____. |
| | A) | be worse; also be worse |
| | B) | be better; be worse |
| | C) | be worse; be better |
| | D) | be better; also be better |
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16 | |
Jim has trouble remembering to do things that he plans to do in the near future, such as mailing a letter or returning a phone call. This type of remembering is called _____ memory and the ____ is thought to play an important role in it. |
| | A) | retroactive; parietal lobe |
| | B) | prospective; frontal lobe |
| | C) | anterograde; amygdala |
| | D) | retrograde; hippocampus |
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17 | |
A police investigator asks an eyewitness to a crime to look through some mug shots to see if she can recognize the perpetrator. The witness then sees a police lineup of suspects, and identifies a man in the lineup as the perpetrator because he looks very familiar. Unfortunately, the man in the line up looks familiar not because the eyewitness saw him commit the crime, but because, although she has now forgotten this, she saw his face in the mug shot books a few hours earlier. This is best considered an example of ____. |
| | A) | proactive interference |
| | B) | retrograde amnesia |
| | C) | source confusion |
| | D) | memory consolidation |
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18 | |
The _____ appears to be an "encoding station" for long-term declarative memory. |
| | A) | cerebral cortex |
| | B) | thalamus |
| | C) | hippocampus |
| | D) | cerebellum |
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19 | |
Horseracing sensation Dog Meat, about to win the Kentucky Derby by 47 lengths, suddenly pulls up just before the finish line because he spots the legendary Mr. Ed in the stands and demands an autograph. It seems that Dog Meat has lots of wonderful memories of watching ancient reruns of Ed's TV show while engaged in "horse-play" with long-time steady flame Trashy Lady. These happy memories are most likely stored in Dog Meat's _____ memory. |
| | A) | episodic |
| | B) | iconic |
| | C) | echoic |
| | D) | prototype |
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20 | |
Arriving home late after a long evening of studying at the library, Ted unlocks the door softly, removes his shoes, and walks upstairs without turning any lights on so that he won't awaken his wife and children. It is Ted's ____ memory that enables him to remember how to do this. |
| | A) | declarative |
| | B) | procedural |
| | C) | iconic |
| | D) | echoic |
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21 | |
The process of getting information into the brain by translating it into a neural code that the brain processes is called _____. |
| | A) | retrieval |
| | B) | recall |
| | C) | storage |
| | D) | encoding |
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22 | |
Recognizing someone's voice when you hear it on the phone shows that you have a(n) ____ that person. |
| | A) | crush on |
| | B) | icon of |
| | C) | mental representation of |
| | D) | elaboration of |
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23 | |
According to the _____ concept, the more deeply we encode information, the better we will remember it. |
| | A) | dual-coding |
| | B) | levels of processing |
| | C) | maintenance rehearsal |
| | D) | chunking |
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24 | |
An organized pattern of thought about some aspect of the world is called a ____. |
| | A) | chunk |
| | B) | code |
| | C) | proposition |
| | D) | schema |
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25 | |
A massive network of associated ideas and concepts is called a(n) ____ network. |
| | A) | associative |
| | B) | schema |
| | C) | neural |
| | D) | priming |
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26 | |
Studies of _____ suggest that it is generally easier to remember information in the environment where it was originally learned. |
| | A) | state-dependent learning |
| | B) | schemas |
| | C) | context-dependent learning |
| | D) | decay |
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27 | |
Caryn studied French for four years in high school. In college, she enrolls in a course in Italian and finds to her dismay that the French she remembers from high school interferes with her recall of newly learned Italian vocabulary and grammar. Caryn's problem is an example of ____. |
| | A) | retroactive interference |
| | B) | motivated forgetting |
| | C) | the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon |
| | D) | proactive interference |
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28 | |
Jamie is 30 years old and has never been able to remember anything that occurred in her childhood before she started kindergarten. Jamie most likely has ____. |
| | A) | infantile amnesia, a perfectly normal condition |
| | B) | anterograde amnesia, which may clear up with treatment |
| | C) | infantile amnesia, a relatively rare condition |
| | D) | Korsakoff's syndrome, which may get worse as she gets older |
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29 | |
The distortion of memory by misleading postevent information is called ____. |
| | A) | anterograde amnesia |
| | B) | Korsakoff's syndrome |
| | C) | the misinformation effect |
| | D) | priming |
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30 | |
The ____ and its surrounding tissue seem to play key roles in encoding long-term declarative memories. |
| | A) | hypothalamus |
| | B) | hippocampus |
| | C) | cerebellum |
| | D) | amygdala |
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