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1 | |
The three essential properties that define ____ are that it is symbolic, it has structure, and it is generative. |
| | A) | language |
| | B) | a prototype |
| | C) | fluid intelligence |
| | D) | a heuristic |
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2 | |
Consider the statement, "Last night, I shot an elephant in my pajamas." Since this sentence has two different interpretations (the pajamas could be worn by the man OR they could be worn by the elephant), this means that this sentence has _____. |
| | A) | two different deep structures and one surface structure |
| | B) | two different surface structures and one deep structure |
| | C) | two different surface structures and two different deep structures |
| | D) | one surface structure and two tusks |
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3 | |
Prior to 6 months of age, infants around the world are able to vocalize ____, but as they get older they begin vocalizing ____. |
| | A) | only 5-10 phonemes; all the phonemes associated with their native language |
| | B) | only the phonemes associated with their native language; the phonemes of all languages |
| | C) | only morphemes; phonemes |
| | D) | the phonemes of all languages; only the phonemes associated with their native language |
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4 | |
While at the park, 19-month-old Suzy points to the swing set and says to her father, "Push swing!" After she has had enough and wants to leave, she turns to her father and says, "Go car." Utterances such as these are called ____. |
| | A) | psychobabble |
| | B) | telegraphic speech |
| | C) | motherese |
| | D) | child-speak |
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5 | |
Many ____ are difficult to describe in words, but we often can define them using ____, which are typical and familiar members of a particular class. |
| | A) | prototypes; linotypes |
| | B) | concepts; propositions |
| | C) | concepts; prototypes |
| | D) | phonemes; morphemes |
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6 | |
One morning, Ed decides to have oatmeal instead of his usual breakfast of a fruit smoothie. He performs very well on a math test that he takes later that day. He doesn't think too much about this until a few weeks later when he does very well on an English test and recalls that he had oatmeal for breakfast before this test, too. He concludes that eating oatmeal in the morning helps him to perform well on exams. This example best demonstrates the ____. |
| | A) | use of the representativeness heuristic |
| | B) | process of inductive reasoning |
| | C) | use of superstitions |
| | D) | process of deductive reasoning |
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7 | |
You are hungry and would like something to eat. You decide to look through the pantry, where you see a box of macaroni and cheese that looks good. Without really thinking about it, you know how to do all the various steps involved in making this meal such as filling a pot with water, boiling the water, cooking the pasta, mixing in the cheese sauce, and finding a plate on which to put the finished meal. Based on the discussion in the text, this type of specialized knowledge is best considered as an example of ____. |
| | A) | a problem-solving schema |
| | B) | a mentative set |
| | C) | deductive reasoning |
| | D) | a norm |
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8 | |
You tell your friend that a man named Jack wears cowboy boots and a cowboy hat to work, and that Jack often drinks beer. If your friend says it is more likely that Jack is a professional cowboy and a beer drinker than that Jack is either a cowboy or a beer drinker, your friend is confusing ____. |
| | A) | representativeness with availability |
| | B) | representativeness with probability |
| | C) | availability with confirmation bias |
| | D) | Jack with another man |
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9 | |
Shelley is attempting to solve a problem and at this point in time, she is trying to generate as many solutions as possible and trying to incorporate new and unusual ideas into her potential solutions. Shelley is engaged in ____ thinking. |
| | A) | convergent |
| | B) | propositional |
| | C) | divergent |
| | D) | confirmatory |
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10 | |
Suppose you take a psychological test and receive a score of 82 (out of a possible 100) on it. Imagine that you take the same test again 2 days later and this time you receive a score of 46. Other people who have taken the test twice have also had similar positive and negative changes in scores. These results mean that this test has ____. |
| | A) | high internal consistency |
| | B) | low internal consistency |
| | C) | low test-retest reliability |
| | D) | high test-retest reliability |
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11 | |
The ability to apply previously learned knowledge to current problems that heavily involve verbal reasoning and factual knowledge is called ____ intelligence. |
| | A) | crystallized |
| | B) | fluid |
| | C) | psychometric |
| | D) | deductive |
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12 | |
Compared to other existing theories of intelligence, Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is distinctive in that it ____. |
| | A) | includes additional abilities such as musical talents and interpersonal skills as forms of intelligence |
| | B) | asserts that intelligence consists of several distinct abilities |
| | C) | asserts that there are only 3 different types of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, and visual-spatial |
| | D) | proposes a general "g" factor that is largely responsible for intelligence |
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13 | |
According to Sternberg's triarchic theory, the types of intelligence that can be demanded by the environment are ____. |
| | A) | mathematical, linguistic, and visual-spatial |
| | B) | musical, bodily-kinesthetic, and personal |
| | C) | crystallized and fluid |
| | D) | analytical, practical, and creative |
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14 | |
Researchers who accept the concept of a reaction range are most likely to view intelligence as ____. |
| | A) | a product of the interaction between genetics and the environment |
| | B) | the product of many separate but correlated individual mental abilities |
| | C) | completely determined by genetic factors |
| | D) | the result of a single underlying intelligence factor |
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15 | |
The fact that the mean IQ difference between Black and White students has _____ in recent years is generally taken as evidence that this difference may be due to _____ factors. |
| | A) | decreased; unchangeable genetic |
| | B) | increased; unchangeable genetic |
| | C) | remained the same; changeable environmental |
| | D) | decreased; changeable environmental |
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16 | |
According to Spearman, a single type of intelligence is common to all mental abilities; this is known as _____. |
| | A) | I.Q. |
| | B) | verbal intelligence |
| | C) | mathematical intelligence |
| | D) | g |
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17 | |
Snoopy, dreaming once more of being a World War I flying ace, sits on top of his doghouse and flies once more into battle against the evil Red Baron. Snoopy's unique use of his doghouse suggests that he is not suffering from _____. |
| | A) | problem-solving set |
| | B) | functional fixedness |
| | C) | heuristics |
| | D) | deep structure |
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18 | |
If Captain Picard leaves Deep Space Nine at 0900 hours and travels at Warp 4 in his shuttlecraft, he can rendezvous with the Starship Enterprise in 4.2 hours. However, in order to reach the ship so quickly, he would have to travel through the Neutral Zone, and his presence would undoubtedly be noticed by Romulan warships, which would attack and destroy his craft. Thus, Picard realizes that he will have to take another route to the ship and thus devises what comes to be known as the "Picard loop" to get around the neutral zone. The Captain has applied ____. |
| | A) | crystallized intelligence ability |
| | B) | an algorithm |
| | C) | deductive reasoning skill |
| | D) | means-ends analysis |
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19 | |
A step-by-step strategy that will predictably solve a problem is called a(n) _____. |
| | A) | algorithm |
| | B) | heuristic |
| | C) | exemplar |
| | D) | prototype |
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20 | |
Having given up his bumbling ways to become a high school teacher at alma mater Riverdale High, the formerly bungling Jughead looks to former teacher Miss Grundy as his role model, believing that she is the ideal representative of the category "teacher." Jughead would be said to be employing the _____ model of categorization. |
| | A) | classical |
| | B) | prototype |
| | C) | exemplar |
| | D) | functional |
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21 | |
Salovey & Mayer (1990) argue that "emotional intelligence" includes ______. |
| | A) | the ability to recognize the emotions of others |
| | B) | a lack of self-control |
| | C) | not examining your feelings when making decisions |
| | D) | a need for power |
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22 | |
_____ consists of a system of symbols and rules for combining those symbols in ways that can produce an infinite number of possible messages or meanings. |
| | A) | A proposition |
| | B) | A schema |
| | C) | Language |
| | D) | Deep structure |
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23 | |
The smallest units of meaning in a language are called ____. |
| | A) | phonemes |
| | B) | morphemes |
| | C) | surface structures |
| | D) | deep structures |
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24 | |
If all adult languages throughout the world have a common underlying deep structure, this suggests that _____. |
| | A) | deep structure is more important than surface structure |
| | B) | phonemes are more important than morphemes |
| | C) | morphemes are more important than phonemes |
| | D) | language has a biological basis |
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25 | |
Reasoning from the "top down" is called _____ reasoning. |
| | A) | deductive |
| | B) | inductive |
| | C) | schematic |
| | D) | propositional |
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26 | |
Cases of missing or abducted children are often highly publicized in the national news. Many people have an exaggerated impression of how likely children are to be abducted. This incorrect belief is most likely due to ____. |
| | A) | the representativeness heuristic |
| | B) | applying an algorithm |
| | C) | the availability heuristic |
| | D) | the confirmation bias |
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27 | |
As proposed by Stern, ____ was originally defined as (mental age/chronological age) x 100. |
| | A) | aptitude |
| | B) | achievement |
| | C) | IQ |
| | D) | problem-solving ability |
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28 | |
A(n) ____ test is intended to measure an applicant's potential for future learning and performance. |
| | A) | achievement |
| | B) | aptitude |
| | C) | intelligence |
| | D) | psychological |
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29 | |
The statistical study of psychological tests is called ____. |
| | A) | psychometrics |
| | B) | standardization |
| | C) | the establishment of norms |
| | D) | the "g" factor |
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30 | |
Thurstone argued that human mental performance depends on _____. |
| | A) | the "g" factor |
| | B) | primary mental abilities |
| | C) | triarchic intelligence |
| | D) | emotional intelligence |
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