| apostrophe | a punctuation mark generally used in order 1) to show the omission of one or more letters in a contraction, and 2) to show ownership or possession
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| dash | punctuation mark used to signal a pause longer than that of a comma but not as long as that of a period
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| hyphen | punctuation mark used with two or more words that act as a single unit or to divide a word at the end of a line
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| parentheses | punctuation marks used to set off extra or incidental information from the rest of a sentence
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| quotation marks | punctuation marks that indicate exact words or the titles of short works
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| semicolon | punctuation mark used to mark a break between two complete thoughts or to mark off items in a series when the items themselves contain internal punctuation (such as commas)
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education