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1 | |
The four major powers which defeated Napoleon, set the peace terms with France, and dominated the Congress of Vienna were... |
| | A) | Great Britain, Germany, Russia, and Spain. |
| | B) | Russia, Prussia, Great Britain, and Austria. |
| | C) | Prussia, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Russia. |
| | D) | Austria, Russia, Spain, and Great Britain. |
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2 | |
The Concert of Europe, the military alliance set up to guarantee the Vienna settlement, was also known as... |
| | A) | the Vienna Alliance. |
| | B) | the Holy Alliance. |
| | C) | the Quadruple Alliance. |
| | D) | the Frankfurt Alliance. |
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3 | |
All of the following were influential conservative thinkers except for... |
| | A) | Edmund Burke. |
| | B) | Joseph de Maistre. |
| | C) | Louis de Bonald. |
| | D) | John Stuart Mill. |
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4 | |
Conservatism most often appealed to the members of the following social groups: |
| | A) | workers and artisans. |
| | B) | monarchs, aristocrats, and clergy. |
| | C) | the upper and lower middle class. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
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5 | |
Through the theory of "iron law of wages," David Ricardo argued that... |
| | A) | population would increase faster than food supplies, resulting in poverty. |
| | B) | the government should limit its role in the marketplace. |
| | C) | wages would always decline to subsistence or below, since high wages led to population increases which saturated the labor market. |
| | D) | the government should set a minimum wage. |
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6 | |
Nineteenth-century liberals drew on the ideas and works of Enlightenment thinkers such as... |
| | A) | John Locke. |
| | B) | Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. |
| | C) | Frederick Engels. |
| | D) | Francis Bacon. |
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7 | |
What did classical liberals believe the role of government should be in economics? |
| | A) | to centrally direct all economic activities |
| | B) | to set protective tariffs |
| | C) | to have as limited a presence as possible |
| | D) | to ensure social welfare measures for workers |
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8 | |
Johann Gottfried von Herder found a source of common national identity for German speaking areas in... |
| | A) | the Holy Alliance. |
| | B) | the Prussian state. |
| | C) | the secret society Young Germany. |
| | D) | German folk culture and oral traditions. |
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9 | |
Goethe's works, especially his masterpiece Faust, epitomize the ideals of... |
| | A) | conservatism. |
| | B) | liberalism. |
| | C) | nationalism. |
| | D) | romanticism. |
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10 | |
An early utopian socialist, Charles Fourier envisioned a society modeled on phalansteries in which... |
| | A) | members would pool their resources. |
| | B) | women would be responsible for domestic duties. |
| | C) | the institution of marriage would be upheld. |
| | D) | men and women would live in separate spheres. |
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11 | |
According to Karl Marx, human beings are motivated primarily by... |
| | A) | religious beliefs. |
| | B) | economic interests. |
| | C) | nationalism. |
| | D) | primitive impulses. |
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12 | |
The Habsburg emperor tried to crack down on liberal and national movements in the Austrian empire in 1819 by... |
| | A) | issuing the Carlsbad decrees. |
| | B) | creating the Zollverein. |
| | C) | organizing the Junkers. |
| | D) | treating France harshly as an example. |
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13 | |
A symbol of the threat conservative governments felt from liberal and radical reformers, the Peterloo massacre of 1819 occurred when troops fired on a workers' rally in... |
| | A) | Russia. |
| | B) | Belgium. |
| | C) | Britain. |
| | D) | France. |
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14 | |
In 1830, which European country, with the help of British and French intervention, successfully secured its independence? |
| | A) | Piedmont |
| | B) | Greece |
| | C) | Belgium |
| | D) | The Netherlands |
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15 | |
The July Revolution in France in 1830 replaced a conservative monarchy with... |
| | A) | a republic. |
| | B) | a democracy. |
| | C) | an empire. |
| | D) | a constitutional monarchy. |
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16 | |
The British Reform Bill of 1832... |
| | A) | granted universal manhood suffrage. |
| | B) | lowered property qualifications for voting. |
| | C) | conceded universal suffrage. |
| | D) | protected the power of the "rotten boroughs." |
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17 | |
In spite of the liberal reforms passed in Britain, workers pressed for universal male suffrage and the removal of property qualifications for office through the... |
| | A) | Communist Manifesto. |
| | B) | Chartist movement. |
| | C) | Luddite movement. |
| | D) | Worker's Union. |
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18 | |
During the revolutionary events of 1848, the Habsburg Empire appeared to be splintering due to... |
| | A) | divisions between liberals and conservatives. |
| | B) | the German core's hopes for a unified state. |
| | C) | non-German nationalities who were demanding greater autonomy and, in some cases, independence. |
| | D) | the end of the tariff-free trade zone. |
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19 | |
Pressured by the revolutionary demands being made in their states, German liberals met to discuss the construction of a liberal German nation at... |
| | A) | the Frankfurt Assembly. |
| | B) | the Congress of Vienna. |
| | C) | the House of Lords. |
| | D) | the Congress of Berlin. |
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20 | |
The June Days of 1848 in France revealed divisions between... |
| | A) | the rural and urban populates. |
| | B) | the upper and lower classes. |
| | C) | liberals and socialists. |
| | D) | Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte and Louis Philippe. |
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21 | |
Nationalism, which is the feeling that people of the same cultural and linguistic roots should be unified into a single national body, became increasingly strong over the course of the 19th century. Which of the following statements about nationalism is true? |
| | A) | After 1848, nationalism was increasingly associated with liberalism |
| | B) | Nationalists had little use for history |
| | C) | Nationalism created problems for multi-national Empires |
| | D) | Nationalism arose latest in France |
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22 | |
Romanticism was another ideology that rose into prominence in Europe after 1800. Which of the following is true about the Romantic movement? |
| | A) | It was firmly rooted in Enlightenment ideology |
| | B) | It looked forward to the future |
| | C) | It rejected religion and religious sentiment |
| | D) | It stressed emotionality over rationality |
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