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1 | |
Gorbachev's policy of glasnost... |
| | A) | restructured the economy by decentralizing planning. |
| | B) | curtailed censorship and encouraged freer discussion. |
| | C) | stood for reductions in military stockpiles. |
| | D) | created a new legislature. |
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2 | |
The noncommunist union Solidarity formed under the leadership of Lech Walesa in 1980 in... |
| | A) | Hungary. |
| | B) | East Germany. |
| | C) | Poland. |
| | D) | Czechoslovakia. |
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3 | |
Because the fall of Communism in Czechoslovakia occurred without bloodshed, it was called a... |
| | A) | "Velvet Revolution." |
| | B) | "coup d'etat." |
| | C) | "White Rebellion." |
| | D) | "Reformation." |
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4 | |
In September 1989, before the Berlin Wall fell, East Germans were able to escape to the West through... |
| | A) | Poland. |
| | B) | Bulgaria. |
| | C) | Romania. |
| | D) | Hungary. |
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5 | |
Which Soviet republics led the others in pressing Moscow for independence? |
| | A) | Russia |
| | B) | Ukraine |
| | C) | the Baltics |
| | D) | Georgia |
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6 | |
In light of the movements for independence among the Soviet republics, Gorbachev proposed a compromise confederation in 1991 called the... |
| | A) | Commonwealth of Independent States. |
| | B) | "Treaty of union." |
| | C) | European Community. |
| | D) | Warsaw Pact. |
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7 | |
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the president of Russia until 1999 was... |
| | A) | Vaclav Havel. |
| | B) | Lech Walesa. |
| | C) | Mikhail Gorbachev. |
| | D) | Boris Yeltsin. |
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8 | |
In 1977, Vaclav Havel joined other intellectuals in calling for human rights in Eastern Europe by helping to found... |
| | A) | Charter 77. |
| | B) | Prague Spring. |
| | C) | Solidarity. |
| | D) | Civic Forum. |
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9 | |
After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Russian Republic fought an unpopular and indecisive war to stifle the demands for independence made in... |
| | A) | Bosnia. |
| | B) | Chechnya. |
| | C) | Armenia. |
| | D) | Kazakhstan. |
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10 | |
Which area was the first to secede from Yugoslavia? |
| | A) | Slovenia |
| | B) | Croatia |
| | C) | Serbia |
| | D) | Bosnia |
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11 | |
In general, Western politics in the 1990s were marked by a turn toward... |
| | A) | liberalism. |
| | B) | conservatism. |
| | C) | communism. |
| | D) | socialism. |
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12 | |
With the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, most European Union members agreed to... |
| | A) | change the name of their organization to the European Free Trade Association. |
| | B) | admit Poland and Czechoslovakia. |
| | C) | establish a common currency, the Euro. |
| | D) | set up a joint army corps. |
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13 | |
By the 1990s, the term that best describes the trend observed in both Western and non-Western economies and which resulted from the rise of the multinational corporation was... |
| | A) | industrialization. |
| | B) | postmodernism. |
| | C) | modernization. |
| | D) | globalization. |
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14 | |
Which Asian country enjoyed the world's largest favorable balance of trade since the 1960s? |
| | A) | China |
| | B) | Japan |
| | C) | Taiwan |
| | D) | Singapore |
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15 | |
In 1989, the Chinese government crushed a student demonstration in favor of political reform in... |
| | A) | Beijing. |
| | B) | the "New Economic Zones." |
| | C) | Hong Kong. |
| | D) | Taiwan. |
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16 | |
The United States led a UN-backed military response in 1990 in the Middle East because... |
| | A) | of rising pan-Arab unity. |
| | B) | Iraq had invaded neighboring Kuwait. |
| | C) | Islamic fundamentalists had come to power in Iran. |
| | D) | of a conservative backlash requiring women to wear veils. |
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17 | |
During the 1990s, the following spread as the world's second language: |
| | A) | Chinese. |
| | B) | French. |
| | C) | Russian. |
| | D) | English. |
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18 | |
Postmodernist intellectuals... |
| | A) | have been engaged in criticism of contemporary art and culture since 1914. |
| | B) | are concerned only about the problems of popular culture and "Americanization." |
| | C) | are skeptical that objective truth is possible, because all disciplines, including science, are infected by the beliefs and values of the culture that produced them. |
| | D) | confine themselves to criticism of art only. |
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19 | |
By the 1990s, the most devastating world-wide epidemic had become... |
| | A) | smallpox. |
| | B) | tuberculosis. |
| | C) | influenza. |
| | D) | AIDS. |
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20 | |
Although individual responses differed, in many corners of the world, the anxieties and uncertainties of life at the end of the twentieth century have produced... |
| | A) | an increase in atheism. |
| | B) | religious revivals. |
| | C) | mass conversions to Catholicism. |
| | D) | a wave of apocalyptic rumors and visions. |
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21 | |
In the 1980's, the "dissident" movement, led by Andrei Sakharov (1921-1989) grew in power and importance. Which of the following factors best explains the growth of the "dissident" movement in the Soviet Union? |
| | A) | The arms race of the 1980's |
| | B) | The growth of the black market |
| | C) | The weakness of the Soviet leadership after 1975 |
| | D) | The spread of new communications technology |
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22 | |
In the period after 1989, when Gorbachev revoked the Breshnev doctrine, most of the states of Eastern Europe threw off their Communist Regimes. Which of the following states was chronologically the first to do so? |
| | A) | Poland |
| | B) | Hungary |
| | C) | Czechoslovakia |
| | D) | East Germany |
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