| EARLY PEER INTERACTIONS |
| Infancy and Toddlerhood |
| The Early School Years |
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| THE ROLE OF PEERS IN CHILDREN'S SOCIALIZATION |
| Peers as Reinforcers of Desired Behaviors |
| Peers as Models |
| Peers and the Development of the Self |
| Peers as Guides and Instructors |
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| PLAY AND ITS FUNCTIONS |
| Play, Fantasy, and Social Competence |
| Play, Peers, and Pathology |
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| PEER ACCEPTANCE |
| Assessing Peer Status |
| Consequences of Being Unpopular |
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| DEVELOPING FRIENDSHIPS |
| What is a Friend? |
| How Children Make Friends |
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| THE FORMATION OF GROUPS |
| Dominance Hierarchies |
| Cliques and Crowds |
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| PEER AND ADULT INFLUENCES ON THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT |
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| PEER GROUPS IN DIFFERENT CULTURES |
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| SUMMARY |
