Read each question carefully and then select the best answer.
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1 | |
Culture is defined as |
| | A) | the largest form of human group. |
| | B) | the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior. |
| | C) | the established standards of behavior maintained by a society. |
| | D) | norms governing everyday behavior. |
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2 | |
People's need for food, shelter, and clothing are examples of what Murdock referred to as |
| | A) | norms. |
| | B) | folkways. |
| | C) | cultural practices. |
| | D) | cultural universals. |
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3 | |
The process of introducing a new idea or object to culture is known as |
| | A) | innovation. |
| | B) | diffusion. |
| | C) | globalization. |
| | D) | cultural relativism. |
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4 | |
The finding of the DNA molecule is an example of a/an |
| | A) | invention. |
| | B) | discovery. |
| | C) | cultural universal. |
| | D) | Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. |
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5 | |
What term do sociologists use to refer to the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society? |
| | A) | innovation |
| | B) | globalization |
| | C) | diffusion |
| | D) | cultural relativism |
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6 | |
The emergence of Starbucks in China represents what aspect of culture throughout the world today? |
| | A) | innovation |
| | B) | globalization |
| | C) | diffusion |
| | D) | cultural relativism |
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7 | |
What term did William Ogburn introduce to refer to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions? |
| | A) | cultural lag |
| | B) | cultural relativism |
| | C) | ethnocentrism |
| | D) | diffusion |
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8 | |
Which one of the following statements is true according to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? |
| | A) | Language simply describes reality. |
| | B) | Language does not transmit stereotypes related to race. |
| | C) | Language precedes thought. |
| | D) | Language is not an example of a cultural universal. |
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9 | |
The statement "Respect your elders," reflects which one of the following? |
| | A) | diffusion |
| | B) | cultural universals |
| | C) | ethnocentrism |
| | D) | norms |
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10 | |
In the United States, we often formalize norms into |
| | A) | ideals. |
| | B) | folkways. |
| | C) | laws. |
| | D) | values. |
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11 | |
Standards of proper dress are a common example of which one of the following? |
| | A) | informal norms |
| | B) | sanctions |
| | C) | values |
| | D) | formal norms |
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12 | |
Patterns of male dominance are reinforced in many societies around the world by |
| | A) | mores. |
| | B) | values. |
| | C) | folkways. |
| | D) | sanctions. |
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13 | |
Health, love, and democracy are examples of |
| | A) | mores. |
| | B) | values. |
| | C) | folkways. |
| | D) | sanctions. |
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14 | |
Which theoretical perspective maintains that stability requires a consensus and the support of society's members? |
| | A) | conflict theory |
| | B) | interactionist theory |
| | C) | social control theory |
| | D) | functionalist theory |
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15 | |
Which view of culture became popular in sociology in the United Stated beginning in the 1950s? |
| | A) | conflict theory |
| | B) | interactionist theory |
| | C) | social control theory |
| | D) | functionalist theory |
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16 | |
Which one of the following statements is true from a conflict perspective? |
| | A) | Stability requires a consensus and the support of a society's members. |
| | B) | Cultural traits all work toward stabilizing society. |
| | C) | A common culture serves to maintain the privileges of certain groups. |
| | D) | Practices such as prostitution continue to survive because they contribute to the overall social stability. |
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17 | |
Which one of the following terms describes the set of cultural beliefs and practices that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests? |
| | A) | mores |
| | B) | dominant ideology |
| | C) | consensus |
| | D) | values |
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18 | |
Which of the following life goals has shown the strongest gain in popularity for first-year college students in the United States from 1966 - 2000? |
| | A) | developing a meaningful philosophy of life |
| | B) | helping to promote racial understanding |
| | C) | helping others |
| | D) | being very well-off financially |
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19 | |
Recent research documents that people in the United States generally go along with which explanation of poverty? |
| | A) | the individualistic explanation |
| | B) | the structural explanation |
| | C) | the macro-level explanation |
| | D) | the conflict explanation |
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20 | |
Members of racial and ethnic minorities in the United States are more likely than Whites to support which explanation of poverty? |
| | A) | the individualistic explanation |
| | B) | the structural explanation |
| | C) | the micro-level explanation |
| | D) | the dominant ideology explanation |
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21 | |
What term do sociologists use to refer to a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society? |
| | A) | dominant culture |
| | B) | counterculture |
| | C) | subculture |
| | D) | superculture |
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22 | |
Anyone who feels disoriented, uncertain, out of place, even fearful, when immersed in an unfamiliar culture may be experiencing |
| | A) | culture lag. |
| | B) | culture shock . |
| | C) | cultural relativism. |
| | D) | xenocentrism. |
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23 | |
What is the term used when one places a priority on understanding other cultures, rather than dismissing them as "strange" or "exotic?" |
| | A) | ethnocentrism |
| | B) | culture shock |
| | C) | cultural relativism |
| | D) | xenocentrism |
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24 | |
Which of the following is, in a sense, the reverse of ethnocentrism? |
| | A) | culture lag |
| | B) | culture shock |
| | C) | cultural relativism |
| | D) | xenocentrism |
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25 | |
Evaluating the practices of other cultures on the basis of our own perspective is referred to as: |
| | A) | ethnocentrism |
| | B) | culture shock |
| | C) | cultural relativism |
| | D) | xenocentrism |
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