Multiple Choice Quiz

Read each question carefully and then select the best answer.

1		According to Alice Kessler-Harris (18 "The Wage Conceived: Value and Need as Measures of a Woman's Worth"), which of the following was true of the family wage ideal regarding women?
			A)	Women should not be part of the labor force.
			B)	Women who work should make enough to support their families.
			C)	Women should supplement the family income.
			D)	Women should earn wages equal to men's wages.
2		In "The Wage Conceived" (18), Alice Kessler-Harris writes that at the start of the 20th century in the United States, women's wages were expected to:
			A)	equal the wages of men who performed the same job.
			B)	be sufficient to cover the living costs of their families.
			C)	match the productivity of the woman in the job.
			D)	include little more than enough to survive on.
3		According to Alice Kessler-Harris (18 "The Wage Conceived"), which cultural ideal contributed to the status of women's wages prior to World War I?
			A)	Families should take part in consumerism.
			B)	Worker's should be paid for the work completed.
			C)	Women should be dependent on men and marriage.
			D)	Work should be gender-neutral.
4		According to Alice Kessler-Harris (18 "The Wage Conceived"), after World War I, women workers were interested in work and higher wages because they wanted to:
			A)	fulfill their role in the family.
			B)	fulfill the consumer expectations of the time.
			C)	fight the inequalities between men and women.
			D)	help rebuild the industrial backbone of the nation.
5		According to Christine E. Bose and Rachel Bridges Whaley in "Sex Segregation in the U.S. Labor Force" (19), which of the following statements explains why some occupations become resegregated?
			A)	Occupations change so that their characteristics become associated with the opposite gender.
			B)	Some occupations become less attractive, so men no longer want to work in them.
			C)	The integration of women workers has caused men to leave the occupation.
			D)	Employers figure out that in some occupations women are better workers than men.
6		Which of the following statements is (are) true of occupational segregation today, according to Christine E. Bose and Rachel Bridges Whaley in "Sex Segregation in the U.S. Labor Force" (19)?
			A)	Most men and women work in occupations primarily with workers of the same sex.
			B)	Over half of all women workers would have to change occupations in order to desegregate the labor force.
			C)	Women tend to be clustered into very few occupations.
			D)	all of the above
7		Christine E. Bose and Rachel Bridges Whaley (19 "Sex Segregation in the U.S. Labor Force") suggest that women workers in white-collar occupations:
			A)	are employed primarily in upper management.
			B)	experience little to no occupational segregation.
			C)	are concentrated in the least rewarding occupations.
			D)	rarely experience barriers to promotions.
8		Which of the following statements best explains sex segregation, according to Christine E. Bose and Rachel Bridges Whaley in "Sex Segregation in the U.S. Labor Force" (19)?
			A)	Social expectations and employment structures affect people's occupational options.
			B)	Women have lower levels of human capital than men and are placed into occupations accordingly.
			C)	Men prefer not to work with women, and women prefer not to work with men.
			D)	Some occupations are naturally appropriate to the skills of men or of women.
9		Irene Padovic and Barbara Reskin (20 "Moving Up and Taking Charge") suggest that over the last 30 years the promotion gap has:
			A)	increased dramatically.
			B)	narrowed considerably.
			C)	remained about the same.
			D)	none of the above
10		Acording to Irene Padovic and Barbara Reskin (20 "Moving Up and Taking Charge"), which of the following phenomena describes how women remain excluded from the elite jobs?
			A)	the "glass ceiling"
			B)	the "authority gap"
			C)	the "sticky floor"
			D)	the "glass escalator"
11		According to Irene Padovic and Barbara Reskin (20 "Moving Up and Taking Charge"), which of the following statements is (are) true of the authority gap?
			A)	Women are less likely than men to occupy high-level positions.
			B)	Women are blocked from exercising authority when in high-level positions.
			C)	Women are less likely than men to attempt to exercise authority.
			D)	both (a) and (b)
12		According to Irene Padovic and Barbara Reskin (20 "Moving Up and Taking Charge"), in which of the following types of occupations are women most likely to be promoted to high-level positions?
			A)	private-sector management
			B)	government-sector management
			C)	professional occupations
			D)	unionized occupations
13		According to Irene Padovic and Barbara Reskin (20 "Moving Up and Taking Charge"), how are women who achieve high-level positions kept from exercising authority?
			A)	Co-workers deny women the opportunity to exercise authority.
			B)	Women are given positions that are relatively powerless.
			C)	Men make the final decisions while women "contribute."
			D)	all of the above
14		According to Irene Padovic and Barbara Reskin (20 "Moving Up and Taking Charge"), segregation in the workplace contributes to the promotion gap through:
			A)	the internal labor market.
			B)	differences in human capital between men and women.
			C)	homosocial reproduction.
			D)	sex differences in social networks.
15		According to Irene Padovic and Barbara Reskin (20 "Moving Up and Taking Charge"), homosocial reproduction affects women's occupational opportunities by:
			A)	preventing lesbians from being hired.
			B)	making it likely men will hire men.
			C)	limiting women's authority in occupations.
			D)	contributing to the idea that motherhood will make women less competent employees.
16		Which of the following is true of reverse discrimination, according to Barbara Reskin in "The Realities of Affirmative Action in Employment" (boxed excerpt)?
			A)	Many whites have experienced reverse discrimination.
			B)	Reverse discrimination complaints to the Equal Opportunity Employment Commission are common.
			C)	Reverse discrimination cases are less likely than other discrimination cases to be supported by evidence.
			D)	all of the above
17		According to Barbara Reskin in "The Realities of Affirmative Action in Employment" (boxed excerpt), which of the following statements is true about affirmative action?
			A)	Affirmative action has placed women in many jobs for which they are qualified.
			B)	Affirmative action has served many underserved communities.
			C)	Affirmative action has created female and minority role models.
			D)	all of the above
18		According to Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo (21 "Maid in L.A."), over half of live-in nannies/housekeepers are:
			A)	recent immigrants to the United States.
			B)	treated like members of the families they work for.
			C)	paid at the minimum wage.
			D)	in a job similar to the one they held in their country of origin.
19		According to Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo (21), which of the following is most likely to be a "Maid in L.A."?
			A)	a Central American woman
			B)	a Mexican woman
			C)	a Black woman
			D)	a Filipina woman