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1 | |
Great Aunt Linette is 90 years old, and lives in the same home she's lived in for nearly 70 years. She's been a widow for over 50 years and takes care of herself, her home, and property. She rarely leaves her home but loves to watch her favorite baseball teams on television and read. She is lively, witty, healthy for her age and has a very positive outlook on living until 100. She writes/receives letters to and from many relatives and friends. Based on this chapter, Linette |
| | A) | fits the positive stereotype for the elderly |
| | B) | fits the negative stereotype for the elderly |
| | C) | fits the stereotype for performing poorly on tasks |
| | D) | would be judged to have more masculine characteristics of aging |
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2 | |
On the television show Ripley's Believe It or Not, a man in the Soviet Republic of Georgia was interviewed and claimed to be 120 years old. We can probably conclude |
| | A) | he eats yogurt |
| | B) | he comes from a rural area and is exposed to less air pollution |
| | C) | his claim to be 120 years old is probably an exaggeration |
| | D) | his dietary habits are healthier than those of most Americans |
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3 | |
Rosa, who is a healthy 70-year-old, was married to Joseph for 45 years before his death at age 68. We can most reasonably infer that Rosa has outlived Joseph |
| | A) | due to an inherent autosomally-linked resistance to some types of life-threatening diseases |
| | B) | due to her higher levels of testosterone |
| | C) | due to an inherent sex-linked resistance to some types of life-threatening diseases |
| | D) | due to the female hormone estrogen, which dramatically reduces the risk of diabetes in women |
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4 | |
A major lifestyle factor that affects life expectancy for many males is |
| | A) | estrogen |
| | B) | smoking |
| | C) | their immune system |
| | D) | sex-linked resistance |
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5 | |
You feel very uncomfortable because you get in the middle of a conflict at a family reunion. Your elderly grandfather is berating your cousin because your cousin has been bad-mouthing the Social Security system and the amount of money he has to pay into it. Your cousin's best defense might be which of the following? |
| | A) | Even though you paid your dues, you're getting ripped off. |
| | B) | Your Social Security isn't providing for all your needs, is it? |
| | C) | Pay me now, or pay me later. |
| | D) | You got more for your money than I will. |
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6 | |
Your 10-year-old daughter tells you that she understands why old people are so cranky and crotchety all the time. It is because most of them are sick and invalid and cannot take care of themselves. This perception is |
| | A) | very sophisticated for a 10-year-old |
| | B) | somewhat inaccurate but very close to being true |
| | C) | confused because your daughter has paired the wrong causes with the right effect |
| | D) | inaccurate and may inadvertently perpetuate the inferior status of the elderly |
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7 | |
Your 89-year-old grandmother just fell and broke her hip and is in the hospital. Based on this type of serious injury and her age, what can you predict is likely to happen next? |
| | A) | She will recuperate in the hospital and will go back to her own independent lifestyle. |
| | B) | She is likely to live several more years after recovery. |
| | C) | She has a greater risk of a serious health decline of 3 to 4 months ending with senescence. |
| | D) | She will, most likely, end up living in a nursing home. |
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8 | |
Adrianne, 67, and her husband Larry, 68, are both retired. We can reasonably infer that |
| | A) | the economic gap between Adrianne and Larry has narrowed during their retirement |
| | B) | Adrianne's Social Security benefits are greater than Larry's |
| | C) | Adrianne's Social Security benefits are equal to Larry's |
| | D) | Adrianne's Social Security benefits are less than Larry's |
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9 | |
Your grandfather is in the hospital because he fell down and broke his hip. Which of the following problems should you be the most concerned about? |
| | A) | He may receive too much estrogen and therefore develop osteoporosis. |
| | B) | He may develop too much bone mass as a result of calcium therapy and be more likely to break his hip again. |
| | C) | He may develop additional problems as a result of receiving other medications, such as sedatives. |
| | D) | He may leave the hospital suffering from a chronic disease that he contracted while in the hospital. |
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10 | |
Paul, a 70-year-old retiree, has been exercising regularly for the past forty-five years of his life. It is likely that Paul's physical fitness regimen results in |
| | A) | an increased replacement of lost muscle mass |
| | B) | a decreased risk of developing depression |
| | C) | a doubling in his life span |
| | D) | an increased risk of bone fractures |
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11 | |
Advertisements for various creams and oils imply that these products can keep women's skin less wrinkled and younger looking. If these products really do make skin younger looking, they accomplish this by |
| | A) | creating more DNA |
| | B) | preventing collagen fibers from changing |
| | C) | attacking defective cells |
| | D) | creating cellular mutations |
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12 | |
Many state legislatures have passed laws preventing gas and power companies from disconnecting the natural gas supplies of poor and elderly customers. If this legislation were declared unconstitutional, the elderly would be at risk for |
| | A) | decreased ventilatory volume |
| | B) | decreased organ reserve |
| | C) | life-threatening hypothermia |
| | D) | hypoglycemia |
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13 | |
A biologist places cells from chick embryos in a cell culture to count and determine the number of times the cells divide and redivide. He finds that there is a finite limit to the number of cell divisions that will occur, thus lending support to which theory of aging? |
| | A) | genetic preprogramming |
| | B) | mean time to failure |
| | C) | DNA error |
| | D) | stochastic processes |
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14 | |
You are copying a computer file from one disk to another when a power outage shuts down your computer. As a result of this problem, your file is only partially transferred to the new disk. This problem is analogous to which of the following theories of aging? |
| | A) | genetic programming |
| | B) | longevity assurance |
| | C) | DNA error |
| | D) | stochastic processes |
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15 | |
On which of the following tasks is an elderly person most likely to experience declines in performance? |
| | A) | crossword puzzles |
| | B) | playing poker |
| | C) | putting a jigsaw puzzle together |
| | D) | playing checkers |
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16 | |
Mr. Gates, 65 and now retired, has decided to enroll in a college class in philosophy and logic. What can we predict about his cognitive performance? He will most likely find that he |
| | A) | can do the work only if he's given extra time |
| | B) | cannot retain the information long enough in long-term memory to be successful on tests |
| | C) | will need to drop the course because he cannot remember names of important philosophers |
| | D) | will make improvements in his deductive reasoning |
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17 | |
Dr. Firenze has been a math professor for thirty years. Recently, she has noticed that she doesn't always recall her students' names as easily as she used to when she calls on students. Since 1966, she's taught over nine thousand students. However, she knows her math "like the back of her hand." She shares her concern about memory loss with you, a colleague. As a psychologist, you can tell Dr. Firenze that she |
| | A) | must see a neurologist |
| | B) | should relax, because a large percentage of middle age and older adults have some difficulty with memory, usually forgetting names first |
| | C) | should see her doctor for a prescription for estrogen |
| | D) | is under too much stress and should consider working only part time |
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18 | |
An elderly man has just received a past-due notice on his phone bill. He may have forgotten to pay the bill because he got four other utility bills when he received this one and placed them all in a manila folder labeled "bills." The man's memory failure is due to |
| | A) | lack of encoding |
| | B) | the decay of memory trace |
| | C) | interference from other stored information |
| | D) | retrieval of inaccessible information |
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19 | |
A psychology professor finds that elderly adults perform more poorly on anagrams than younger adults. However, when elderly adults are given practical problems to solve (e.g., What would you do if your refrigerator were warm inside?), they perform as well as younger adults. We can therefore conclude that |
| | A) | the elderly demonstrate learning competence but not performance |
| | B) | memory is not necessary to solve practical learning problems |
| | C) | the elderly perform well only on familiar, habitual tasks |
| | D) | the second task was more relevant for the elderly, and therefore they were motivated to do better |
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20 | |
Your elderly mother keeps forgetting where she has put her glasses, checkbook, and keys. You should therefore conclude that |
| | A) | she has suffered a stroke |
| | B) | no definite conclusions are warranted without further information |
| | C) | she has Alzheimer's disease |
| | D) | she is suffering from an irreversible organic brain syndrome |
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21 | |
You go to visit your elderly grandfather and notice he is disoriented (what day is it?) and very agitated (pacing incessantly in his apartment). You are concerned about his atypical behavior because he is usually calm and aware. What might you reasonably do next? |
| | A) | Call 911 immediately. |
| | B) | Suggest he take a nap to sleep it off. |
| | C) | Prepare a meal for him so he has something in his stomach. |
| | D) | Check his prescriptions and call the pharmacist about side effects. |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education