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| 1 | |
The B-horizon of a soil |
| | A) | contains most of the organic matter in the soil |
| | B) | is where chemicals are deposited |
| | C) | is where leaching is most effective |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 2 | |
Calcium carbonate (calcite) is deposited in the B-horizon of a |
| | A) | pedocal |
| | B) | pedalfer |
| | C) | laterite |
| | D) | peat |
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| 3 | |
Weathering is most intense in the |
| | A) | A-horizon |
| | B) | B-horizon |
| | C) | C-horizon |
| | D) | parent material beneath a soil |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following is always involved in chemical weathering? |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | water |
| | C) | carbon dioxide |
| | D) | nitrogen |
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| 5 | |
Red color in soils results from |
| | A) | oxidation of iron |
| | B) | solution of calcite |
| | C) | hydrolysis of feldspar |
| | D) | solution of quartz |
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| 6 | |
Soil development (weathering) is slowest in |
| | A) | cool, dry climate |
| | B) | cool, humid climate |
| | C) | warm, humid climate |
| | D) | warm, dry climate |
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| 7 | |
Which is not a chemical weathering process? |
| | A) | oxidation |
| | B) | frost-shattering (-wedging) |
| | C) | solution |
| | D) | hydrolysis |
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| 8 | |
The rate of chemical weathering |
| | A) | is higher when surface area of exposed rock is lesser |
| | B) | is higher when surface area of exposed rock is greater |
| | C) | is independent of rock type |
| | D) | is independent of exposed surface area. |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following is removed by weathering from pedalfer soils but not from pedocal soils? |
| | A) | iron |
| | B) | calcium |
| | C) | aluminum |
| | D) | all are removed from both soils |
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| 10 | |
The rate of hydrolysis is |
| | A) | higher when temperature is higher |
| | B) | higher when temperature is lower |
| | C) | independent of temperature |
| | D) | is a chemical weathering process wherein rock dissolves |
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| 11 | |
Laterite soils form in what climate? |
| | A) | humid, temperate |
| | B) | arid, semiarid |
| | C) | humid, tropical |
| | D) | polar |
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| 12 | |
Chemical weathering is fastest in |
| | A) | cool, dry climate |
| | B) | cool, humid climate |
| | C) | warm, humid climate |
| | D) | warm, dry climate |
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| 13 | |
The C-horizon of a soil is |
| | A) | the most completely weathered horizon |
| | B) | where chemicals are deposited |
| | C) | the horizon most similar to the parent material |
| | D) | the zone of leaching |
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| 14 | |
The B-horizon of a humid-climate soil is red because |
| | A) | clay minerals are deposited there |
| | B) | calcite is deposited there |
| | C) | iron oxide is deposited there |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 15 | |
Soil erosion |
| | A) | strips the upper-most layer of soil of nutrients |
| | B) | is minimized by implementing best management practices |
| | C) | if exceeding the rate of soil formation renders soil a nonrenewable resource |
| | D) | all of these are true |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following does not increase the rate of soil erosion: |
| | A) | deforestation |
| | B) | contour plowing in agriculture |
| | C) | construction |
| | D) | retiring cropland without establishing alternate vegetative coverage |
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| 17 | |
Mechanical weathering |
| | A) | enhances chemical weathering. |
| | B) | inhibits chemical weathering. |
| | C) | prevents chemical weathering. |
| | D) | far exceeds chemical weathering. |
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| 18 | |
Soil particle textural classes are |
| | A) | horizons A, B, C. |
| | B) | sand, silt, clay. |
| | C) | mud, gravel, boulders. |
| | D) | pedalfer, pedocal, laterite. |
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| 19 | |
Pedalfer soils are found in |
| | A) | cold climates. |
| | B) | dry climates. |
| | C) | humid climates. |
| | D) | hot climates. |
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| 20 | |
Laterite soils |
| | A) | can dry to a hard cement. |
| | B) | are a common source of iron ore. |
| | C) | make good farming soils. |
| | D) | prevent nearly all plant growth. |
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| 21 | |
Lateritic soils are a problem for human use because they |
| | A) | are so dry. |
| | B) | lack plant nutrients. |
| | C) | have expansive clays. |
| | D) | have no leaching. |
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| 22 | |
A well-drained soil is |
| | A) | silty clay. |
| | B) | clayey silt. |
| | C) | loamy silt. |
| | D) | sandy clay. |
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| 23 | |
Most soil erosion prevention measures |
| | A) | try to compact the topsoil. |
| | B) | keep the topsoil covered at all times. |
| | C) | only allow the planting of deep-rooted crops. |
| | D) | try to slow down wind and water velocity. |
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| 24 | |
The USDA CRP approach to erosion control emphasizes |
| | A) | mixed crop types. |
| | B) | complex control devices and structures. |
| | C) | taking land out of crop production and establishing alternative vegetative coverage such as grass or trees. |
| | D) | better weather forecasting. |
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| 25 | |
Irrigation of pedocal soils can cause |
| | A) | calcium removal. |
| | B) | intense leaching. |
| | C) | rapid chemical weathering. |
| | D) | salt buildup. |
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