(See related pages)
Below you will find key words and concepts that you should remember from this chapter.
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| angle of dip | A vertical angle measured downward from the horizontal plane to an inclined plane. (See page(s) 137) |
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| anticline | An arched fold in which the rock layers usually dip away from the axis of the fold. (See page(s) 140) |
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| axial plane | A plane containing all of the hinge lines of a fold. (See page(s) 140) |
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| brittle | Cracking or rupturing of a body under stress. (See page(s) 136) |
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| compressive stress | A stress due to a force pushing together on a body. (See page(s) 135) |
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| dip-slip fault | A fault in which movement is parallel to the dip of the fault surface. (See page(s) 145) |
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| direction of dip | The compass direction in which the angle of dip is measured. (See page(s) 137) |
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| ductile | Capable of being molded and bent under stress. (See page(s) 135) |
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| elastic limit | The maximum amount of stress that can be applied to a body before it deforms in a permanent way by bending or breaking. (See page(s) 135) |
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| elastic limit | The maximum amount of stress that can be applied to a body before it deforms in a permanent way by bending or breaking. (See page(s) 135) |
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| fault | A fracture in bedrock along which movement has taken place. (See page(s) 136) |
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| fold | Bend in layered bedrock. (See page(s) 139) |
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| footwall | The underlying surface of an inclined fault plane. (See page(s) 145) |
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| geologic cross section | A representation of a portion of Earth in a vertical plane. (See page(s) 139) |
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| geologic map | A map representing the geology of a given area. (See page(s) 137) |
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| hanging wall | The overlying surface of an inclined fault plane. (See page(s) 145) |
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| hinge line | Line about which a fold appears to be hinged. Line of maximum curvature of a folded surface. (See page(s) 140) |
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| isoclinal fold | A fold in which the limbs are parallel to one another. (See page(s) 142) |
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| joint | A fracture or crack in bedrock along which essentially no displacement has occurred. (See page(s) 143) |
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| joint set | Joints oriented in one direction approximately parallel to one another. (See page(s) 143) |
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| left-lateral fault | A strike-slip fault in which the block seen across the fault appears displaced to the left. (See page(s) 150) |
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| limb | Portion of a fold shared by an anticline and a syncline. (See page(s) 140) |
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| normal fault | A fault in which the hanging-wall block moved down relative to the footwall block. (See page(s) 145) |
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| oblique-slip fault | A fault with both strike-slip and dip-slip components. (See page(s) 145) |
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| open fold | A fold with gently dipping limbs. (See page(s) 142) |
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| overturned fold | A fold in which both limbs dip in the same direction. (See page(s) 143) |
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| plunging fold | A fold in which the hinge line (or axis) is not horizontal. (See page(s) 141) |
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| recumbent fold | A fold overturned to such an extent that the limbs are essentially horizontal. (See page(s) 143) |
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| reservoir rock | A rock that is sufficiently porous and permeable to store and transmit petroleum. (See page(s) 149) |
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| reverse fault | A fault in which the hanging-wall block moved up relative to the footwall block. (See page(s) 146) |
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| right-lateral fault | A strike-slip fault in which the block seen across the fault appears displaced to the right. (See page(s) 150) |
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| shear stress | Stress due to forces that tend to cause movement or strain parallel to the direction of the forces. (See page(s) 135) |
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| source rock | A rock containing organic matter that is converted to petroleum by burial and other postdepositional changes. (See page(s) 148) |
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| strain | Change in size (volume) or shape of a body (or rock unit) in response to stress. (See page(s) 135) |
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| stress | A force acting on a body, or rock unit, that tends to change the size or shape of that body, or rock unit. Force per unit area within a body. (See page(s) 134) |
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| strike | The compass direction of a line formed by the intersection of an inclined plane (such as a bedding plane) with a horizontal plane. (See page(s) 137) |
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| strike-slip fault | A fault in which movement is parallel to the strike of the fault surface. (See page(s) 145) |
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| structural basin | A structure in which the beds dip toward a central point. (See page(s) 141) |
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| structural dome | A structure in which beds dip away from a central point. (See page(s) 141) |
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| structural geology | The branch of geology concerned with the internal structure of bedrock and the shapes, arrangement, and interrelationships of rock units. (See page(s) 134) |
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| syncline | A fold in which the layered rock usually dips toward an axis. (See page(s) 140) |
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| tensional stress | A stress due to a force pulling away on a body. (See page(s) 135) |
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| thrust fault | A reverse fault in which the dip of the fault plane is at a low angle to horizontal. (See page(s) 146) |