Chapter 1 - Introduction
1.1 The Study of Chemistry
1.2 The Scientific Method
1.3 Classifications of Matter
1.4 Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
1.5 Measurement
1.6 Handling Numbers
1.7 Dimensional Analysis in Solving ProblemsChapter 2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
2.1 The Atomic Theory
2.2 The Structure of the Atom
2.3 Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Isotopes
2.4 The Periodic Table
2.5 Molecules and Ions
2.6 Chemical Formulas
2.7 Naming Compounds
Chapter 3 - Stoichiometry
3.1 Atomic Mass
3.2 Avogadro’s Number and Molar Mass of an Element
3.3 Molecular Mass
3.4 The Mass Spectrometer
3.5 Percent Composition of Compounds
3.6 Experimental Determination of Empirical Formulas
3.7 Chemical Reactions and Chemical Equations
3.8 Amounts of Reactants and Products
3.9 Limiting Reagents and Reaction Yield Chapter 4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution
4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions
4.2 Precipitation Reactions
4.3 Acid-Base Reactions
4.4 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
4.5 Concentration Solutions
4.6 Solution StoichiometryChapter 5 - Gases
5.1 Substances That Exist as Gases
5.2 Pressure of a Gas
5.3 The Gas Laws
5.4 The Ideal Gas Equation
5.5 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
5.6 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
5.7 Deviation from Ideal Behavior Chapter 6 - Energy Relationships in Chemical Reactions
6.1 The Nature of Energy and Types of Energy
6.2 Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions
6.3 Introduction to Thermodynamics
6.4 Enthalpy of Chemical Reactions
6.5 Calorimetry
6.6 Standard Enthalpy of Formation and Reaction Chapter 7 - The Electronic Structure of Atoms
7.1 From Classical Physics to Quantum Theory
7.2 The Photoelectric Effect
7.3 Bohr’s theory of the Hydrogen Atom
7.4 The Dual Nature of the Electron
7.5 Quantum Mechanics
7.6 Quantum Numbers
7.7 Atomic Orbitals
7.8 Electron Configuration
7.9 The Building-Up Principle
Chapter 8 - The Periodic Table
8.1 Development of the Periodic Table
8.2 Periodic Classification of the Elements
8.3 Periodic Variation in Physical Properties
8.4 Ionization Energy
8.5 Electron Affinity
8.6 Variation in Chemical Properties of the Representative ElementsChapter 9 - Chemical Bonding I: The Covalent Bond
9.1 Lewis Dot Symbols
9.2 The Covalent Bond
9.3 Electronegativity
9.4 Writing Lewis Structures
9.5 Formal Charge and Lewis Structure
9.6 The Concept of Resonance
9.7 Exceptions to the Octet Rule
9.8 Bond Energy Chapter 10 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
10.1 Molecular Geometry
10.2 Dipole Moments
10.3 Valence Bond Theory
10.4 Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
10.5 Hybridization in Molecules Containing Double and Triple Bonds
10.6 Molecular Orbital Theory
Chapter 11 - Introduction to Organic Chemistry
11.1 Classes of Organic Compounds
11.2 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
11.3 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
11.4 Chemistry of the Functional Groups
11.5 Chirality—The Handedness of Molecules
Chapter 12 - Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids
12.1 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Liquids and Solids
12.2 Intermolecular Forces
12.3 Properties of Liquids
12.4 Crystal Structure
12.5 Bonding in Solids
12.6 Phase Changes
12.7 Phase Diagrams Chapter 13 - Physical Properties of Solutions
13.1 Types of Solutions
13.2 A Molecular View of the Solution Process
13.3 Concentration Units
13.4 Effect of Temperature on Solubility
13.5 Effect of Pressure on the Solubility of Gases
13.6 Colligative Properties
Chapter 14 - Chemical Kinetics
14.1 The Rate of a Reaction
14.2 The Rate Laws
14.3 Relation between Reactant Concentrations and Time
14.4 Activation Energy and Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants
14.5 Reaction Mechanisms
14.6 Catalysis
Chapter 15 - Chemical Equilibrium
15.1 The Concept of Equilibrium
15.2 Ways of Expressing Equilibrium Constants
15.3 What Does the Equilibrium Constant Tell Us?
15.4 Factors That Affect Chemical EquilibriumChapter 16 - Acids and Bases
16.1 Bronsted Acids and Bases
16.2 The Acid-Base Properties of Water
16.3 pH—A Measure of Acidity
16.4 Strength of Acids and Bases
16.5 Weak Acids and Acid Ionization Constants
16.6 Weak Bases and Base Ionization Constants
16.7 The Relationship between Conjugate Acid-Base Ionization Constants
16.8 Acid-Base Properties of Salts
16.9 Acidic, Basic, and Amphoteric Oxides
16.10 Lewis Acids and BasesChapter 17 - Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria
17.1 Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous Solution Equilibria
17.2 Buffer Solutions
17.3 A Closer Look at Acid-Base Titrations
17.4 Acid-Base Indicators
17.5 Solubility Equilibria
17.6 The Common Ion Effect and Solubility
17.7 Complex Ion Equilibria and Solubility
17.8 Application of the Solubility Product PrincipleChapter 18 - Thermodynamics
18.1 The Three Laws of Thermodynamics
18.2 Spontaneous Processes
18.3 Entropy
18.4 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
18.5 Gibbs Free Energy
18.6 Free Energy and Chemical Equilibrium
18.7 Thermodynamics in Living SystemsChapter 19 - Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry
19.1 Redox Reactions
19.2 Galvanic Cells
19.3 Standard Reduction Potentials
19.4 Spontaneity of Redox Reactions
19.5 The Effect of Concentration on Cell EMF
19.6 Batteries
19.7 Corrosion
19.8 Electrolysis
19.9 ElectrometallurgyChapter 20 - The Chemistry of Coordination Compounds
20.1 Properties of the Transition Metals
20.2 Coordination Compounds
20.3 Geometry of Coordination Compounds
20.4 Bonding in Coordination Compounds: Crystal Field Theory
20.5 Reactions of Coordination Compounds
20.6 Coordination Compounds in Living SystemsChapter 21 - Nuclear Chemistry
21.1 The Nature of Nuclear Reactions
21.2 Nuclear Stability
21.3 Natural Radioactivity
21.4 Nuclear Transmutation
21.5 Nuclear Fission
21.6 Nuclear Fusion
21.7 Uses of Isotopes
21.8 Biological Effects of RadiationChapter 22 - Organic Polymers-Synthetic and Natural
22.1 Properties of Polymers
22.2 Synthetic Organic Polymers
22.3 Proteins
22.4 Nucleic Acids
Appendix 1 - Units for the Gas Constant Appendix 2 - Selected Thermodynamic Data at 1 atm and 25°C Appendix 3 - Mathematical Operations Appendix 4 - The Elements and the Derivation of Their Names and Symbols
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