Some Learning Goals
Phylum Psilotophyta—The Whisk Ferns
Structure and Form
Reproduction
Fossil Whisk Fern Look-Alikes
Phylum Lycophyta—The Ground Pines, Spike Mosses, and Quillworts
Lycopodium—Ground Pines
Selaginella—Spike Mosses
Isoetes—Quillworts
Ancient Relatives of Club Mosses and Quillworts
Human and Ecological Relevance of Club Mosses and Quillworts
Phylum Equisetophyta—The Horsetails and Scouring Rushes
Structure and Form
Reproduction
Ancient Relatives of Horsetails
Human and Ecological Relevance of Horsetails and Scouring Rushes
Phylum Polypodiophyta—The Ferns
Structure and Form
Reproduction
Fossil Relatives of Ferns
Human and Ecological Relevance of Ferns
Fossils
Introduction
Molds, Casts, Compressions, and Imprints
Petrifactions
Coprolites
Unaltered Fossils
Summary
Review Questions
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
Learning Online