Choose the best answer.

1		Cultural learning depends on ___________
			A)	biology.
			B)	globalization.
			C)	adaptation.
			D)	diffusion.
			E)	symbols.
2		The British anthropologist Edward Tylor said that culture is:
			A)	acquired by a man as a member of society.
			B)	adaptive.
			C)	symbolic.
			D)	transmitted through observation.
			E)	taught directly.
3		Enculturation is:
			A)	the process by which culture is reduced.
			B)	the process by which culture becomes adaptive.
			C)	the process by which a child learns his or her culture.
			D)	the process by which a culture is transformed.
			E)	the process by which people subsist.
4		Clifford Geertz characterizes culture as:
			A)	a process of enculturation.
			B)	a biological necessity.
			C)	biologically adaptive.
			D)	a set of control mechanisms to govern behavior.
			E)	only partially shared.
5		An example of a cultural trait that is acquired unconsciously is knowing:
			A)	when to say "thank you."
			B)	when to take out the trash.
			C)	how far to stand away from someone during a conversation.
			D)	how to write a college essay.
			E)	how to pronounce "anthropology."
6		The "psychic unity of man" implies that:
			A)	regardless of their genes or physical appearance, people can learn any cultural tradition.
			B)	there are always changes in the process by which a child learns his or her culture.
			C)	culture is transmitted unconsciously.
			D)	people use their cultural system to make judgments, define their world, shape behavior, and shape their perceptions.
			E)	culture is genetically programmed.
7		We are most likely to agree and feel comfortable with:
			A)	people who are socially, economically, and culturally similar to ourselves.
			B)	anthropologists.
			C)	our parents.
			D)	people with whom we share a "psychic unity."
			E)	people with whom we share linguistic symbols.
8		For anthropologist Leslie White, culture originated when:
			A)	people began to use enculturation.
			B)	tools were first produced.
			C)	the ability to use symbols emerged.
			D)	behavior became patterned.
			E)	art was first produced.
9		A Brazilian might interpret the body space that an American maintains during a conversation as:
			A)	a sexual advance.
			B)	hostile.
			C)	unfriendly.
			D)	warm.
10		Examples of American core values include all of the following except:
			A)	individualism.
			B)	self-reliance.
			C)	that people should keep a certain distance between themselves during conversations.
			D)	the work ethic.
			E)	all of the above.
11		According to the text, the "real culture" is:
			A)	the one best suited to a given environment.
			B)	what people say they should do and what they say they do.
			C)	contested.
			D)	symbolic.
			E)	what people actually do.
12		Which of the following statements about ethnocentrism is true?
			A)	It is the tendency to view another's culture as superior and to use that culture’s values to judge the behavior and beliefs of people in your own culture.
			B)	It is particular to Western society.
			C)	It is the argument that one culture should not be judged by the standards of another.
			D)	It is the argument that there is a realm of justice and morality beyond and superior to particular countries, cultures, and religions.
			E)	It is the tendency to view your own culture as superior and to apply your own culture’s values to judge the behavior and beliefs of people in other cultures.
13		Which of the following is not a human cultural universal?
			A)	exogamy
			B)	incest taboo
			C)	food sharing
			D)	farming
			E)	family living
14		A pidgin is an example of:
			A)	ethnocentrism.
			B)	independent invention.
			C)	acculturation.
			D)	diffusion.
			E)	enculturation.
15		Which of the following is not a mechanism of cultural change?
			A)	acculturation
			B)	globalization
			C)	independent invention
			D)	diffusion
			E)	enculturation