Choose the best answer.

1		Historically, what are the three great races?
			A)	Caucasoid, Negroid, Chinoid
			B)	Caucasoid, Afroid, Mongoloid
			C)	Caucasoid, Negroid, Ameroid
			D)	Caucasoid, Negroid, Mongoloid
			E)	Negroid, Mongoloid, Gringoid
2		Which of the following statement regarding the tripartite racial scheme of white, yellow, and black is not true?
			A)	The terms do not accurately describe skin color.
			B)	Many populations do not neatly fit into any one of the three racial categories.
			C)	The categories are based on arbitrary phenotypic traits.
			D)	Colonial empires created these categories to neatly separate Africans, Asians, and Native Americans from the white Europeans.
			E)	There are no problems with the tripartite racial scheme of white, yellow, and black.
3		What is the definition of phenotype?
			A)	An organism's evident traits, its "manifest biology"—anatomy and physiology.
			B)	The genetic makeup of an organism.
			C)	A geographically isolated subdivision of a species.
			D)	A gradual shift in gene frequencies between neighboring populations.
			E)	The rule assigning social identity on the basis of some aspect of a person's ancestry.
4		What phenotypic traits do Nilotes share with certain Scandinavians?
			A)	dark skin color
			B)	corpulent bodies
			C)	tall bodies
			D)	broad noses
			E)	Nilotes and Scandinavians share none of the above traits.
5		What is natural selection?
			A)	A gradual shift in gene frequencies between neighboring populations.
			B)	The process by which nature chooses the forms most fit to reproduce and survive in a given environment.
			C)	Long-term selection of the same trait or traits.
			D)	Change in gene frequency within a breeding population.
			E)	The process by which social identity is assigned on the basis of some aspect of a person's ancestry.
6		Which of the following statements about the advantages of dark-colored skin is not true?
			A)	It protects against sunburn.
			B)	It hinders a person’s ability to produce vitamin A.
			C)	It protects against skin cancer.
			D)	It provides a selective advantage in the tropics where there is intense ultraviolet radiation.
			E)	In the tropics, it protects against the overproduction of vitamin D.
7		Which of the following statements about light-colored skin is not true?
			A)	Skin color becomes lighter the further you get from the tropics.
			B)	It helps protect individuals not living in the tropics against rickets.
			C)	It is more likely to burn than dark-colored skin.
			D)	It does not provide an adaptive advantage for people living in cold and cloudy environments.
			E)	Individuals with light-colored skin are more likely to develop hypervitaminosis D than are individuals with dark-colored skin.
8		Social race differs from biological race because:
			A)	a biological race is assigned to groups in a culturally arbitrary manner.
			B)	social race refers to meaningful genetic differences between populations.
			C)	social race is a politically correct term for biological race.
			D)	social race is a cultural construction that is based on arbitrary distinctions.
			E)	There is no difference between social and biological race.
9		Which of the following statements regarding hypodescent is not true?
			A)	It automatically places the children of a union or mating between members of different groups in the minority group.
			B)	It is how race is determined in the U.S.
			C)	It divided American society into groups that have been unequal in their access to wealth, power, and prestige.
			D)	It has brought about the formation of fully functional intermediate racial categories.
			E)	Its operation explains why the populations in the U.S. labeled "black" and "Native American" are growing.
10		Which of the following statements regarding burakumin is true?
			A)	They are full citizens of Brazil.
			B)	Their residences are dispersed in and among the residences of non-burakumin.
			C)	They typically perform manual labor to make a living.
			D)	They are physically and genetically different from the rest of the Japanese population.
			E)	Their status as outcasts originated just after World War II.
11		Which of the following statements regarding burakumin is not true?
			A)	They are full citizens of Brazil.
			B)	They live in residentially segregated neighborhoods.
			C)	They typically perform manual labor to make a living.
			D)	They are physically and genetically identical to the rest of the Japanese population.
			E)	Their status as outcasts can be traced back to the Tokugawa Period.
12		Compared to systems of racial classification in the U.S. and Japan, the Brazilian system of racial classification:
			A)	uses fewer terms.
			B)	is considerably more fluid.
			C)	uses hypodescent much more frequently.
			D)	is significantly less flexible.
			E)	is less effective.
13		Why is the expression "money whitens" mentioned in the text?
			A)	The expression "money whitens" is never mentioned in the text.
			B)	It is mentioned in the text to demonstrate that social status affects a person's race in Brazil.
			C)	It is mentioned in the text to demonstrate that whites economically dominate the U.S.
			D)	It is mentioned in the text to demonstrate that social status affects a person's race in the U.S.
			E)	is mentioned in the text to demonstrate that social status affects a person's race in Japan.
14		Due to the lack of hypodescent in Brazil, what is happening to the number of people classified in intermediate racial categories?
			A)	The number of people classified in intermediate racial categories is declining.
			B)	The number of people classified in intermediate racial categories has stayed the same over the last 100 years.
			C)	The number of people classified in intermediate racial categories is increasing.
			D)	Intermediate racial categories in Brazil have never played an important role.
			E)	The number of people classified in intermediate racial categories is increasing, but not nearly as fast as the number of people classified in intermediate racial categories in the U.S.
15		The rigidity of the racial terminology used in the U.S. is in part due to the fact that:
			A)	whites actively worked to maintain racial distinctions between themselves, Native Americans, and slaves.
			B)	the early European settlers frequently married Native Americans.
			C)	slave owners in the U.S. never had sexual relations with their slaves.
			D)	the offspring of a union between a female slave or a Native American woman and a male European settler were assigned to a new intermediate category.
			E)	the early European settlers were mostly women.