| independent t test | test for situations in which two separate and independent groups are compared
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| control group | group of subjects not subjected to experimental treatment, but like the experimental group in all other ways
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| independent sample | sample in which the behavior of the members is not related to the behavior of members of another sample
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| sampling distribution of the mean differences | distribution whose scores are differences between pairs of sample means
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| standard error of the difference between means | standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean differences
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| estimated standard error of the mean differences | estimated standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the differences
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| two-tailed test | significance test that considers both ends of the distribution
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| one-tailed test | significance test that only considers the end of the distribution predicted by the experimenter
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| homogeneity of variance | condition in which the population variances are the same
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| robustness of a test | the property of a statistical test to give valid conclusions even when its assumptions are violated
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| matched pairs | dependent samples in which subject pairs are as closely matched as possible on some characteristic(s) relevant to the dependent variable
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| within-subjects comparison | the same individuals are subjected to each of two treatment conditions
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| repeated measures design | experimental design in which each subject experiences all levels of the independent variable; also known as a within-subjects design
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| counterbalancing | method to control for order effects in a repeated measures design by including all orders of treatment presentation
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| double-blind | experimental design in which neither the participant nor the treatment administrator knows the participant's group designation
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education