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  1. Define the following terms:

    culture, 94 cultural sensitivity, 113
    social institutions, 102cultural borrowing, 114
    cultural values, 104strategy of cultural congruence, 117
    linguistic distance, 109strategy of unplanned change, 117
    aesthetics, 110strategy of planned change, 117
    factual knowledge, 112 
    interpretive knowledge, 112 

  2. Which role does the marketer play as a change agent?
  3. Discuss the three cultural change strategies a foreign marketer can pursue.
  4. “Culture is pervasive in all marketing activities.” Discuss.
  5. What is the importance of cultural empathy to foreign marketers? How do they acquire cultural empathy?
  6. Why should a foreign marketer be concerned with the study of culture?
  7. What is the popular definition of culture? Where does culture come from?
  8. It is stated that members of a society borrow from other cultures to solve problems that they face in common. What does this mean? What is the significance to marketing?
  9. “For the inexperienced marketer, the ‘similar-but-different’ aspect of culture creates an illusion of similarity that usually does not exist.” Discuss and give examples.
  10. Outline the elements of culture as seen by an anthropologist. How can a marketer use this cultural scheme?
  11. Social institutions affect culture and marketing in a variety of ways. Discuss, giving examples.
  12. “Markets are the result of the three-way interaction of a marketer’s efforts, economic conditions, and all other elements of the culture.” Comment.
  13. What are some particularly troublesome problems caused by language in foreign marketing? Discuss.
  14. Suppose you were requested to prepare a cultural analysis for a potential market. What would you do? Outline the steps and comment briefly on each.
  15. Cultures are dynamic. How do they change? Are there cases where changes are not resisted but actually preferred? Explain. What is the relevance to marketing?
  16. How can resistance to cultural change influence product introduction? Are there any similarities in domestic marketing? Explain, giving examples.
  17. Innovations are described as being either functional or dysfunctional. Explain and give examples of each.
  18. Defend the proposition that a multinational corporation has no responsibility for the consequences of an innovation beyond the direct effects of the innovation, such as the product’s safety, performance, and so forth.
  19. Find a product whose introduction into a foreign culture may cause dysfunctional consequences and describe how the consequences might be eliminated and the product still profitably introduced.







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