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  1. Gene Cloning
    1. Cloning experiments usually involve two kinds of DNA molecules: chromosomal DNA and vector DNA
    2. Enzymes are used to cut DNA into pieces and join the pieces together
    3. Gene cloning involves the insertion of DNA fragments into vectors, which are then propagated within host cells
    4. In the first gene cloning experiment, Cohen, Chang, Boyer, and Helling inserted a kanamycinR gene into a plasmid vector
    5. cDNA can be made from mRNA via reverse transcriptase
    6. Restriction mapping is used to locate the restriction sites within a vector
    7. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can also be used to make many copies of DNA
  2. Detection of Genes and Gene Products
    1. A DNA library is a collection of many cloned fragments of DNA
    2. Blotting methods can be used to detect DNA sequences
    3. Gene products can also be detected by blotting methods
    4. Techniques can be used to detect the binding of proteins to DNA sequences
  3. Analysis and Alteration of DNA Sequences
    1. The dideoxy method of DNA sequencing is based on our knowledge of DNA replication
    2. In vitro site-directed mutagenesis is a technique to alter DNA sequences







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