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  1. Linkage and crossing over
    1. Crossing over may produce recombinant phenotypes
    2. Bateson and Punnett discovered two traits that did not assort independently
    3. Morgan provided evidence for the linkage of several X-linked genes and proposed that crossing over between X chromosomes can occur
    4. A chi square analysis can be used to distinguish between linkage and independent assortment
    5. Creighton and McClintock correlated crossing over that produced new combinations of alleles with the exchange of homologous chromosomes
    6. Crossing over occasionally occurs during mitosis
  2. Genetic mapping in plants and animals
    1. The frequency of recombination between two genes can be correlated with their map distance along a chromosome
    2. Alfred Sturtevant used the frequency of crossing over in dihybrid crosses to produce the first genetic map
    3. Trihybrid crosses can be used to determine the order and distance between linked genes
    4. Interference can influence the number of double crossovers that occur in a short region
  3. Genetic mapping in haploid eukaryotes
    1. Ordered tetrad analysis can be used to map the distance between a gene and the centromere
    2. Unordered tetrad analysis can be used to map genes in dihybrid crosses







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