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1 | |
The symbolic function is characterized by |
| | A) | sensory cues |
| | B) | mental representations |
| | C) | abstract thinking |
| | D) | all of the above |
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2 | |
All but which of the following are manifestations of the symbolic function? |
| | A) | language |
| | B) | deferred imitation |
| | C) | invisible imitation |
| | D) | symbolic play |
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3 | |
Ten beads are arranged in a row. Whether they are counted from left to right or from right to left, there are 10 beads. This is an example of which principle? |
| | A) | 1-to-1 |
| | B) | stable-order |
| | C) | order-irrelevance |
| | D) | cardinality |
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4 | |
According to Piaget, children at the preoperational stage tend to |
| | A) | conserve |
| | B) | decenter |
| | C) | centrate |
| | D) | focus on transformations rather than states |
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5 | |
All but which of the following are limitations of preoperational thought identified by Piaget? |
| | A) | egocentrism |
| | B) | animism |
| | C) | irreversibility |
| | D) | induction |
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6 | |
Research indicates that Piaget underestimated preoperational children's ability to |
| | A) | distinguish between appearance and reality |
| | B) | distinguish between real and imagined events |
| | C) | both a and b |
| | D) | neither a nor b |
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7 | |
Ten beads are arranged in a circle. If they are rearranged in a row, they will be the same 10 beads. This is an example of the principle of |
| | A) | identity |
| | B) | reversibility |
| | C) | compensation |
| | D) | abstraction |
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8 | |
Overregularization of linguistic rules is a sign of |
| | A) | development of social speech |
| | B) | too much correction by adults |
| | C) | linguistic progress |
| | D) | an academic preschool background |
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9 | |
Children begin to develop the ability to converse at about age |
| | A) | 2 |
| | B) | 3 |
| | C) | 4 |
| | D) | 5 |
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10 | |
Which of the following viewed private speech as a sign of cognitive immaturity? |
| | A) | Watson |
| | B) | Piaget |
| | C) | Vygotsky |
| | D) | Kohlberg |
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11 | |
Children with delayed language development |
| | A) | have below-average intelligence |
| | B) | come from homes where they do not get enough linguistic input |
| | C) | have parents who use complex speech with them |
| | D) | may need to hear a word more often than other children to learn its meaning |
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12 | |
To best encourage young children's language development, adults should |
| | A) | engage in simple conversations with them, using common words |
| | B) | talk about personal topics, food, and table manners |
| | C) | talk about things the adults are interested in |
| | D) | encourage imaginative play |
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13 | |
Children develop better narrative skills when parents do all but which of the following? |
| | A) | talk with them about past events |
| | B) | prompt them with contextual cues |
| | C) | take the lead in conversations |
| | D) | comment on children's feelings about events |
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14 | |
Research suggests that the most important factor in young children's ability to recall is |
| | A) | general knowledge |
| | B) | memory strategies |
| | C) | mastery motivation |
| | D) | intelligence |
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15 | |
Memory without awareness is called |
| | A) | implicit |
| | B) | explicit |
| | C) | generic |
| | D) | none of the above; memory is not possible without awareness |
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16 | |
Episodic memories |
| | A) | rarely become part of autobiographical memory |
| | B) | are long-lasting even in 2-year-olds |
| | C) | are better retained by boys than by girls |
| | D) | are best retained when talked about |
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17 | |
Young children best remember things they |
| | A) | see |
| | B) | do for the first time |
| | C) | have done once or twice before |
| | D) | do frequently |
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18 | |
The revised version of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, prepared in 1985, primarily emphasizes |
| | A) | IQ as an overall measure of intelligence |
| | B) | verbal items |
| | C) | nonverbal items |
| | D) | patterns and levels of cognitive development |
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19 | |
Which of the following statements about performance on intelligence tests is true? |
| | A) | Because intelligence is inborn, an individual's IQ is fairly stable; thus test performance, in general, has remained approximately constant. |
| | B) | Experience and other factors can contribute to a rise or fall in IQ; but, on the average, test performance has remained approximately constant. |
| | C) | Experience and other factors can contribute to a rise or fall in IQ; test performance, in general, has improved in recent years. |
| | D) | Experience and other factors can contribute to a rise or fall in IQ; test performance, in general, has declined in recent years. |
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20 | |
Which of the following appears to be true of the relationship between socioeconomic status and a child's IQ? |
| | A) | Socioeconomic status is the most important factor in IQ. |
| | B) | Socioeconomic status is the least important factor in IQ. |
| | C) | Socioeconomic status bears little relationship to IQ. |
| | D) | Socioeconomic status is one of several social and family risk factors that affect IQ. |
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21 | |
The zone of proximal development is the level at which children can |
| | A) | perform a task easily on their own |
| | B) | perform a task on their own, but with difficulty |
| | C) | perform a task with some guidance |
| | D) | not perform a task at all |
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22 | |
In which country is academic instruction in preschool most highly valued? |
| | A) | China |
| | B) | United States |
| | C) | Japan |
| | D) | All of the above place an equally high value on academic instruction. |
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23 | |
Students from deprived backgrounds who participated in Project Head Start are more likely than youngsters from similar backgrounds who did not participate to |
| | A) | show lasting gains in IQ |
| | B) | finish high school |
| | C) | do as well in school as average middle-class children |
| | D) | none of the above; the program has had no measurable long-term effects |
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24 | |
Children in academically oriented preschool programs |
| | A) | recognize numbers better than children in child-centered programs |
| | B) | take more pride in their accomplishments |
| | C) | are more highly motivated |
| | D) | are more dependent on adult approval |
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