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1 | |
All but which of the following may be part of the self-concept? |
| | A) | "I am a good athlete." |
| | B) | "I am a hard worker." |
| | C) | "I have trouble making friends." |
| | D) | "I don't like Tracy." |
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2 | |
The "virtue" that arises from successful resolution of Erikson's crisis of industry versus inferiority is |
| | A) | productivity |
| | B) | self-confidence |
| | C) | competence |
| | D) | industriousness |
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3 | |
According to Harter's research, the greatest contributor to self-esteem in 8- to 12-year-olds is |
| | A) | regard by parents and classmates |
| | B) | competence in schoolwork |
| | C) | athletic skills |
| | D) | good conduct |
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4 | |
Parents of children with high self-esteem tend to use which parenting style? |
| | A) | authoritarian |
| | B) | permissive |
| | C) | authoritative |
| | D) | any of the above; no relationship has been found between parenting style and self-esteem |
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5 | |
All but which of the following statements about emotional growth in middle childhood are true? |
| | A) | Internalization of shame and pride have occurred. |
| | B) | Children are more empathic than before. |
| | C) | Children have more control of their emotions than before. |
| | D) | Children are more wary of showing negative feelings to parents than to friends. |
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6 | |
Which of the following factors most strongly affects children's adjustment? |
| | A) | marital status of the parents |
| | B) | number of parents in the home |
| | C) | mother's employment |
| | D) | atmosphere in the home |
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7 | |
Parents of school-age children are most likely to use which of the following kinds of discipline? |
| | A) | inductive |
| | B) | deductive |
| | C) | power assertion |
| | D) | withdrawal of love |
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8 | |
About what proportion of married women with school-age children are in the work force? |
| | A) | 30 percent |
| | B) | 50 percent |
| | C) | 75 percent |
| | D) | 90 percent |
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9 | |
About how many school-age "self-care children" of working parents are there in the United States? |
| | A) | fewer than 1 million |
| | B) | 2 million |
| | C) | 10 million |
| | D) | 20 million |
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10 | |
Husbands of working mothers tend to be most involved with the child(ren) when |
| | A) | there is only one child |
| | B) | the mother works part-time |
| | C) | the children are school-age |
| | D) | the mother earns close to what the father does |
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11 | |
In comparison with children of a full-time homemaker, school-age children of a working mother generally |
| | A) | have lower self-esteem |
| | B) | live in less structured homes |
| | C) | are more independent |
| | D) | resent their mother's absence |
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12 | |
Which of the following proposed an ecological analysis of effects of poverty? |
| | A) | Urie Bronfenbrenner |
| | B) | Susan Harter |
| | C) | Vonnie McLoyd |
| | D) | Robert Selman |
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13 | |
What proportion of children under 18 in the United States live with both biological or adoptive parents? |
| | A) | less than 25 percent |
| | B) | about 50 percent |
| | C) | more than 60 percent |
| | D) | 75 percent |
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14 | |
All but which of the following are emotional "tasks" that face children of divorce? |
| | A) | acknowledging the reality of the divorce |
| | B) | resuming customary pursuits |
| | C) | resolving anger and self-blame |
| | D) | being wary of intimate relationships |
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15 | |
Which of the following statements about children's adjustment to divorce is true, according to research? |
| | A) | Children of authoritarian parents usually have fewer behavior problems than those with authoritative or permissive parents. |
| | B) | The best custody arrangement is joint custody. |
| | C) | Boys tend to have more adjustment problems than girls when their mothers remarry. |
| | D) | As adults, children of divorced parents tend to have lower socioeconomic status than adults who grew up in intact families. |
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16 | |
Which country has the lowest percentage of single-parent families? |
| | A) | Australia |
| | B) | France |
| | C) | Japan |
| | D) | Sweden |
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17 | |
Which is the major source of single-parent families in the United States today? |
| | A) | divorce |
| | B) | death of the mother |
| | C) | death of the father |
| | D) | unwed motherhood |
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18 | |
According to one large-scale study, which of the following factors has a more negative effect on school achievement? |
| | A) | single-parent home |
| | B) | low income |
| | C) | both have equally negative effect |
| | D) | neither has a strongly negative effect |
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19 | |
As compared with children of heterosexual parents, children living with homosexual parents are more likely to |
| | A) | have psychological problems |
| | B) | be abused |
| | C) | be homosexual themselves |
| | D) | none of the above |
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20 | |
The combination of siblings likely to quarrel most is |
| | A) | two brothers |
| | B) | two sisters |
| | C) | a brother and sister |
| | D) | none of the above; all quarrel equally |
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21 | |
All but which of the following are benefits of the peer group? |
| | A) | realistic gauge of abilities |
| | B) | sense of identity |
| | C) | opportunity to test values |
| | D) | development of coregulation |
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22 | |
In middle childhood, popular children tend to have all but which of the following? |
| | A) | strong cognitive abilities |
| | B) | superior social skills |
| | C) | strong interest in the other sex |
| | D) | assertiveness |
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23 | |
Which of the following children is likely to be unpopular? |
| | A) | Audrey, who is disciplined by punishment and threats |
| | B) | Bonita, who is disciplined by reasoning |
| | C) | Claudia, who is disciplined by withdrawal of love |
| | D) | Danielle, who is rarely disciplined |
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24 | |
At which of Selman's levels of friendship would a child say, "He wouldn't let me watch television at his house, so he's not my friend anymore"? |
| | A) | undifferentiated |
| | B) | unilateral |
| | C) | reciprocal |
| | D) | mutual |
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25 | |
Janice brought her new flute to school, and the teacher let her play for the class. "What a show- off," Sarah whispered to the girls around her. "Let's not play with her at recess." This is an example of |
| | A) | hostile aggression |
| | B) | instrumental aggression |
| | C) | overt aggression |
| | D) | relational aggression |
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26 | |
Mental health problems of U.S. 7- to 16-year-olds have increased in all but which of the following areas? |
| | A) | withdrawal or social problems |
| | B) | aggression or delinquency |
| | C) | anxiety or depression |
| | D) | fears, guilt, and bodily complaints |
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27 | |
School-phobic children tend to be |
| | A) | boys |
| | B) | low achievers |
| | C) | willful, stubborn, and demanding at home |
| | D) | difficult to treat |
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28 | |
Behavior therapy is based on which theoretical perspective? |
| | A) | psychoanalytic |
| | B) | learning |
| | C) | contextual |
| | D) | cognitive |
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29 | |
David Elkind has studied characteristics of which kind of child? |
| | A) | resilient |
| | B) | "hurried" |
| | C) | maltreated |
| | D) | school-phobic |
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30 | |
According to surveys, fears of school-age children most often center on |
| | A) | health |
| | B) | school |
| | C) | personal harm |
| | D) | psychological stress |
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