 |
1 | |
formal operations: In Piaget's theory, the final stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to think . |
|
|
2 | |
hypothetical- reasoning: Ability, believed by Piaget to accompany the stage of formal operations, to develop, consider, and test hypotheses. |
|
|
3 | |
: In Elkind's terminology, an observer who exists only in an adolescent's mind and is as concerned with the adolescent's thoughts and actions as the adolescent is. |
|
|
4 | |
personal : In Elkind's terminology, conviction that one is special, unique, and not subject to the rules that govern the rest of the world. |
|
|
5 | |
preconventional morality: First level of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, in which control is external and rules are obeyed in order to gain rewards or avoid . |
|
|
6 | |
conventional morality or morality of conventional role conformity: Second level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, in which the standards of authority figures are . |
|
|
7 | |
postconventional morality or morality of : Third level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, in which people follow internally held moral principles of right and wrong, fairness, and justice, and can decide among conflicting moral standards. |
|
|
8 | |
social : Family and community resources upon which a person can draw. |
|