| conventional morality (or morality of conventional role conformity) | second level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, in which the standards of authority figures are internalized.
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| formal operations | in Piaget's theory, the final stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to think abstractly.
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| hypothetical-deductive reasoning | ability, believed by Piaget to accompany the state of formal operations, to develop, consider, and test hypotheses.
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| imaginary audience | Elkind's term for an observer who exists only in an adolescent's mind and is as concerned with the adolescent's thoughts and actions as the adolescent is.
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| personal fable | Elkind's term for conviction that one is special, unique, and not subject to the rules that govern the rest of the world.
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| postconventional morality (or morality of autonomous moral principles) | third level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, in which people follow internally held moral principles and can decide among conflicting moral standards.
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| preconventional morality | first level of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, in which control is external and rules are obeyed in order to gain rewards or avoid punishment, or out of self-interest.
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| social capital | family and community resources upon which a person can draw.
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