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1 | |
An adolescent who can think abstractly, imagine possibilities, and test hypotheses is in Piaget's stage of |
| | A) | concrete operations |
| | B) | scientific operations |
| | C) | logical operations |
| | D) | formal operations |
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2 | |
A successful solution of the pendulum problem depends upon |
| | A) | careful observation |
| | B) | trial and error |
| | C) | inductive reasoning |
| | D) | varying one factor at a time |
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3 | |
According to Piaget, cognitive maturity is the product of |
| | A) | neurological maturation |
| | B) | environmental stimulation |
| | C) | both a and b |
| | D) | neither a nor b |
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4 | |
Piaget's definition of cognitive maturity has been criticized for failure to consider |
| | A) | nonscientific aspects of intelligence |
| | B) | women's perspective |
| | C) | cultural factors |
| | D) | socioeconomic factors |
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5 | |
Although Frank, age 17, knows that drinking and driving is dangerous, he does it anyway. When his mother remonstrates, he tells her, "Get off my back, Mom--I'll be OK!" In Elkind's terminology, this is an example of |
| | A) | argumentativeness |
| | B) | the personal fable |
| | C) | finding fault with authority figures |
| | D) | apparent hypocrisy |
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6 | |
According to Kohlberg, a person's level of moral reasoning is related to |
| | A) | training by parents |
| | B) | gender |
| | C) | cognitive development |
| | D) | cultural background |
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7 | |
According to Kohlberg, people indicate their level of moral development by |
| | A) | their answer to a moral dilemma |
| | B) | the length of time they spend thinking about a moral dilemma |
| | C) | the reasoning behind their answer to a moral dilemma |
| | D) | the kinds of moral dilemmas they consider |
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8 | |
In Kohlberg's third stage, maintaining mutual relations, children obey rules because they want to |
| | A) | avoid punishment |
| | B) | be rewarded |
| | C) | do their duty |
| | D) | please and help others |
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9 | |
Most adolescents are at which of Kohlberg's levels of moral development? |
| | A) | preconventional |
| | B) | conventional |
| | C) | postconventional |
| | D) | unconventional |
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10 | |
All but which of the following have contributed to doubts about Kohlberg's theory? |
| | A) | Research has failed to confirm his proposed sequence of stages. |
| | B) | In some studies, men scored higher than women. |
| | C) | People in nonwestern cultures score lower than westerners. |
| | D) | The link between hypothetical and actual behavior is not clear. |
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11 | |
Parents can best foster adolescents' moral development by |
| | A) | letting them work out ethical dilemmas on their own |
| | B) | asking clarifying questions |
| | C) | giving advice |
| | D) | lecturing |
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12 | |
Parents whose children do well in high school tend to be those who |
| | A) | encourage children to look at both sides of an issue |
| | B) | teach children not to argue with adults |
| | C) | "ground" children who get low grades |
| | D) | leave it up to children to do their homework |
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13 | |
High school students with authoritative parents tend to be higher achievers and better adjusted, regardless of all but which of the following? |
| | A) | gender |
| | B) | family structure |
| | C) | social class |
| | D) | ethnicity |
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14 | |
A longitudinal study in St. Paul found that high school seniors who work more than 20 hours a week tend to |
| | A) | get lower grades than other students |
| | B) | drink more than other students |
| | C) | feel depressed and overburdened |
| | D) | have behavior problems at school |
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15 | |
Which of the following statements about the relationship between socioeconomic status and achievement in high school is true? |
| | A) | Parents' educational and occupational levels are determining factors in student achievement. |
| | B) | Socioeconomic status is only weakly related to student achievement. |
| | C) | Socioeconomic status indirectly affects student achievement through its influence on family and school atmosphere. |
| | D) | There is no significant relationship between socioeconomic status and student achievement. |
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16 | |
Which of the following is most likely to drop out of high school? |
| | A) | Latino |
| | B) | African American |
| | C) | non-Latino white |
| | D) | All of the above are equally likely to drop out. |
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17 | |
All but which of the following have been found to affect the risk of dropping out of high school? |
| | A) | active engagement |
| | B) | social capital |
| | C) | family structure |
| | D) | temperament |
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18 | |
Which of the following statements about parental influence on educational aspirations is true? |
| | A) | Children of well-to-do parents have the highest aspirations. |
| | B) | Children's aspirations for themselves tend to be quite different from their parents' aspirations for them. |
| | C) | Parental encouragement predicts children's high aspirations better than social class does. |
| | D) | none of the above; no connection between parental influence and children's educational aspirations has been found |
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