Read each question carefully and then select the best answer.

1		Unspecialized cells that have the ability to replicate themselves and generate specialized cells are called _________.
			A)	prokaryotes
			B)	eukaryotes
			C)	bacteria
			D)	stem cells
2		Which of the three recognized domains of life consist of prokaryotes?
			A)	Archaea and Bacteria
			B)	Eukarya and Bacteria
			C)	Eukarya and Archaea
			D)	Prokaryotes are still separately recognized.
3		The cells of which domains of life contain ribosomes?
			A)	Archaea
			B)	Bacteria
			C)	Eukarya
			D)	All of the above.
4		Organelles are found in what domain(s) of life?
			A)	Archaea
			B)	Bacteria
			C)	Eukarya
			D)	All of the above.
5		The unit of life that performs the basic functions of reproduction, growth and response to syllabi are the _____.
			A)	genes
			B)	alleles
			C)	chromosomes
			D)	cells
6		Most enzymes belong to what class of macromolecule?
			A)	carbohydrates
			B)	proteins
			C)	lipids
			D)	nucleic acids
7		Which of the following pairs a genetic disorder with the incorrect defective macromolecule or essential nutrient?
			A)	Lesch-Nyhan syndrome - nucleic acids
			B)	maple syrup urine disease - vitamins
			C)	familial hypercholesterolemia - lipids
			D)	lactose intolerance - carbohydrate
8		Organelles called ____ provide energy from the products of digestion.
			A)	endoplasmic reticulum
			B)	mitochondria
			C)	lysosomes
			D)	Golgi bodies
9		A child is taken to the doctor with the following symptoms: low blood sugar, darkened skin, muscle weakness, and heartbeat irregularities. The doctor concludes that the child has ALD and the symptoms arise from the accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids in the cells of the brain and spinal cord. The malfunctioning enzyme is associated with the
			A)	nucleus.
			B)	mitochondria.
			C)	lysosomes.
			D)	peroxisomes.
10		Tay-Sachs disease results from the absence of a particular enzyme found in the
			A)	endoplasmic reticulum.
			B)	mitochondria.
			C)	lysosomes.
			D)	Golgi bodies.
11		After treatment of this disease, one would find high levels of copper in the urine of the individual.
			A)	Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
			B)	Maple syrup urine disease
			C)	Wilson disease
			D)	Biotinidase deficiency
12		Secretion involves information transfer from the DNA to
			A)	mRNA, which directs manufacture of proteins.
			B)	tRNA, which directs manufacture of proteins.
			C)	tRNA, which directs manufacture of mRNA.
			D)	mRNA, which directs manufacture of tRNA.
13		Membrane proteins can be involved
			A)	in signal transduction.
			B)	as cellular adhesion molecules.
			C)	in cell identification.
			D)	All of the above.
14		Glycolipids and glycoproteins are assembled in the ________.
			A)	lysosome
			B)	nucleus
			C)	mitochondria
			D)	Golgi apparatus
15		Which of the following is part of the cytoskeleton of a cell?
			A)	intermediate filaments
			B)	microtubules
			C)	microfilaments
			D)	All of the above.
16		Which inherited disease is caused by faulty ion channels?
			A)	cystic fibrosis
			B)	Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
			C)	sickle cell anemia
			D)	maple syrup urine disease
17		A replicated chromosome consists of two very long strands of identical chromosomal material called
			A)	telomeres.
			B)	chromatids.
			C)	centromeres.
			D)	genes.
18		DNA synthesis occurs during the ____ phase of the cell cycle.
			A)	gap 1 (G1)
			B)	gap 2 (G2)
			C)	S
			D)	Mitosis
19		In ____, chromosomes align down the center of the cell, held by the spindle.
			A)	prophase
			B)	metaphase
			C)	anaphase
			D)	telophase
20		During ____, replicated chromosomes condense, the spindle forms, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
			A)	prophase
			B)	metaphase
			C)	anaphase
			D)	telophase
21		In ____, centromeres part and one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell.
			A)	prophase
			B)	metaphase
			C)	anaphase
			D)	telophase
22		Chromosome tips, or ____, function as a cellular clock that ticks down as pieces are lost from the very ends.
			A)	chromatids
			B)	centromeres
			C)	centrioles
			D)	telomeres
23		____ is a failure of ____ to fully separate the digits.
			A)	Syndactyly, apoptosis
			B)	Polydactyly, apoptosis
			C)	Syndactyly, mitosis
			D)	Polydactyly, mitosis
24		Assume that a cell has 50 units of DNA at G1 of interphase. How many units of DNA would a cell at prophase of mitosis contain?
			A)	25
			B)	50
			C)	100
			D)	cannot be determined
25		Assume that a cell has 50 units of DNA at G1 of interphase. How many units of DNA would a cell that has just completed cytokinesis contain?
			A)	25
			B)	50
			C)	100
			D)	cannot be determined
26		Which factors do not influence cell division?
			A)	crowding
			B)	growth hormones
			C)	cyclins
			D)	All of the above influence cell division.
27		____ molecules assist cell movement of white blood cells.
			A)	Signal transduction
			B)	Prion
			C)	Cellular adhesion
			D)	Peroxisome
28		The amplification of incoming signals by molecules on the plasma membrane is called _____.
			A)	signal transduction
			B)	apoptosis
			C)	cytokinesis
			D)	transcription
29		Which is true of stem cells and progenitor cells?
			A)	Progenitor cells are less specialized than stem cells.
			B)	Progenitor cells are totipotent.
			C)	Stem cells are less specialized than progenitor cells.
			D)	Stem cells isolated from an adult have the same potential as stem cells isolated from embryos.
30		____ retain the ability to specialize in particular ways in response to signals.
			A)	Organelles
			B)	Eukaryotic cells
			C)	Cell membranes
			D)	Stem cells