Farooqi, I. Sadaf, et al. March 20, 2003. Clinical spectrum of obesity and mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor gene. The New England Journal of Medicine, 348(12):1085–95.

Duster, Troy. February 18, 2005. Race and reification in science. Science 307:1050. Drugs should be targeted based on genotype, not social group.

Freimer, Nelson, and Chlara Subatti. September 2004. The use of pedigree, sib-pair and association studies of common diseases for genetic mapping and epidemiology. Nature Genetics 36:1045-1501. Researchers use several techniques to track complex traits.

Friedman, Jeffrey M. February 7, 2003. A war on obesity, not the obese. Science, 299:856–58. The tendency to gain weight is largely a legacy of ancient "thrifty" genes.

Glazier, Anne M., et al. December 20, 2002. Finding genes that underlie complex traits. Science, 298:2345–48. Complex traits are difficult to analyze because they have multiple genetic and environmental causes.

Korner, Judith and Rudolph L. Leibel. September 4, 2003. To eat or not to eat—how the gut talks to the brain. The New England Journal of Medicine, 349(10):926–28. A small study found that giving people PYY makes them eat less.

Lewis, Ricki. June 3, 2003. The bitter truth about PTC tasting. The Scientist 17(11): 32. One gene controls most of our ability to taste certain bitter substances.

Lewis, Ricki. February 18, 2002. Race and the clinic: Good science? The Scientist 16(3):16–18. Genotypes are better predictors of drug response than skin color.

Lewis, Ricki. July 20, 1998. Unraveling leptin pathways identifies new drug targets. The Scientist 12:1. Leptin, its receptor, and other proteins may inspire development of new weight-control drugs.

Mathew, Christopher. April 28, 2001. Postgenomic technologies: Hunting the genes for common disorders. The British Medical Journal 322:1031–34. The focus of genetics is shifting from rare to common disorders.

Mulliken, John B. August 19, 2004. The changing faces of children with cleft lip and palate. The New England Journal of Medicine 351:745-747. Corrective surgery makes most cases unrecognizable by the teen years.

Pray, Leslie. February 10, 2003. Researchers put linkage disequilibrium on the map. The Scientist, 17(3):30–31. A review of the association and linkage studies used to identify a gene that causes Crohn disease.

Pritchard, Jonathan. July 2001. Are rare variants responsible for susceptibility to complex diseases? The American Journal of Human Genetics 69:124–37. Not all genes contribute equally to multifactorial traits.

The Editors. February 1, 2003. In search of genetic precision. The Lancet, 361:357. Should researchers report negative associations?

Topol, Eric J. February 2005. Cholesterol, racial variation and targeted medicine. Nature Medicine 11:122. Some people of African-American descent are more prone to cardiovascular disease than others – but some aren't.

The November 2004 Supplement to Nature Genetics "Genetics for the Human Race," has many interesting articles on the topics in this chapter.