Chapter Outline

Introduction

Early Views of Mental Illness

1. Witchcraft in Europe
1. Malleus Maleficarum
2. Witchcraft in the New World
1. Salem

Early Institutions and “Cures” for Mental Illness

1. St. Mary of Bethlehem Hospital
2. Benjamin Rush

Reformation of Institutions for the Mentally Ill

1. Phillipe Pinel
2. The Wild Boy of Aveyron
3. The Remedial Efforts of Johann Guggenbühl
4. William Tuke
5. The Connecticut Retreat for the Insane
1. Dr. Eli Todd
6. Dorothea Lynde Dix
7. State Institutions for the Insane and the Retarded in the United States
1. McLean Hospital's Mad Poets Society
2. Clifford W. Beers
8. Establishment of Clinical Psychology
1. Lightner Witmer
9. Radical Physical and Pharmacological Treatments of Insanity
1. Psychosurgery
1. Prefrontal Leucotomy
2. Shock Therapy
3. Drug Therapies
10. Mesmerism and Hypnosis
1. Franz Mesmer
2. Mesmerism in England
1. John Elliotson
2. James Esdaile
3. Hypnosis in England and France
1. James Braid
2. Liébault and Bernheim
3. Charcot

Sigmund Freud

1. Freud's Early Life
2. Freud's Education
3. Josef Breuer and the Case of Anna O.
4. Freud's Personal Use of Drugs
5. Freud and Charcot
6. Freud's Medical Practice in Vienna
7. Psychoanalytic Techniques
8. Freud's Seduction Theory
9. The Interpretation of Dreams
10. The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
11. Freud's Theory of Personality Development
12. Freud and His Followers
13. Recognition and Success
14. Freud in Exile
15. The Freud Museum
16. Freud Biographers

Conclusion