| Point of Modulation | The first chord in the new key.
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| Sequential Modulation | When the transposition of a pattern causes the change of the tonal center.
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| Modulation by Common Tone | When a single tone serves as the common element between the two keys.
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| Chromatic Mediant | The relationship between two major triads or two minor triads with roots a m3 or M3 apart.
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| Monophonic Modulation | When a single unharmonized line establishes the new tonal center.
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| Direct Modulation | When modulations occur without any attempt to smooth them over through the use of common chords or common tones.
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| Phrase Modulation | A direct modulation that occurs between phrases.
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