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1 | |
The deep oceans are generally low in oxygen because they are so far removed from the sources of this gas (the atmosphere and photic zone). |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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2 | |
The deep sea, which is characterized by no sunlight, begins at about 200 m deep. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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3 | |
The most common fish species of the mesopelagic is characterized by a small size, many sharp teeth, and row of ventral (belly) photophores. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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4 | |
Mesopelagic fish have evolved into very narrow dietary specialists due to intense competition for limited food. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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5 | |
Vertically migrating mesopelagic fishes have well developed muscles, while the non-migrating ones have flabby, weak ones. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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6 | |
Vertical migrators come up to the surface to feed in the daylight and go down to the mesopelagic depths at night to rest. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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7 | |
The tubular eyes of some mesopelagic fishes provide acute vision but only in one direction. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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8 | |
Zooplankton of the mesopelagic are often orange, red, or purple in color as a means for mates to see and identify each other in the dim light. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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9 | |
In an experiment with a mesopelagic shrimp with blinders, the animal increased the light output of its ventral (underside) photophores when exposed to brighter light. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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10 | |
Deep water masses of the ocean originate mainly from the polar waters of the Atlantic Ocean. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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11 | |
Fishes of the deep pelagic, such as anglerfish, cruise constantly in search of scarce food. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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12 | |
Some deep pelagic fish can swallow prey larger than themselves by using huge jaws and expandable stomachs. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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13 | |
In male parasitism in deep-sea anglerfish, a male attaches to a female and sucks the blood out of her before detaching and moving on to another female. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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14 | |
The Oxygen Minimum Layer results from respiration and bacterial decay coupled with lack of photosynthesis. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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15 | |
High pressure and food availability are two major factors thought to lead to zonation in the deep sea. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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16 | |
The deep-sea benthos is dominated by suspension feeders trapping the fine rain of detritus from above. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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17 | |
The deep-sea benthos is dominated by meiofauna, echinoderms, crustaceans, polychaetes, and bivalves. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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18 | |
The number of benthic animal species tends to decline with increasing depth due to the uniform stable habitat of the deepest regions. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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19 | |
Fishes of the deep benthos, such as rattails (grenadiers), cruise constantly in search of scarce food. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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20 | |
Like most benthic life in the oceans, deep-sea benthic invertebrates typically produce millions of larvae that drift in the epipelagic plankton before settling down as adults. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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21 | |
When a bologna sandwich was exposed to the deep sea for several months in an accidentally sunken research submersible, the food quickly decayed, showing that deep-sea bacteria are well adapted to high pressure and cold temperatures. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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22 | |
The giant tubeworms of hydrothermal vents gather DOM as nutrition for their symbiotic bacteria. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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23 | |
Hydrogen sulfide and oxygen at the hydrothermal vents can be considered analogous to water and sunlight in photosynthesis. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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24 | |
Unusual shrimp found around some Atlantic hydrothermal vents have light-sensitive patches on their upper surfaces that may help them find vents. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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25 | |
Cold-water seeps are communities based on bacteria that utilize natural gas and oil. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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26 | |
Larvae of hydrothermal-vent animals are thought to crawl along a rift valley until they encounter a suitable vent. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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27 | |
Mesopelagic organisms are dominated by |
| | A) | cnidarians, chaetognaths, crustaceans, fishes, and squids. |
| | B) | diatoms, copepods, chaetognaths, and fishes. |
| | C) | copepods, cephalopods, and large fishes. |
| | D) | none of the above. |
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28 | |
Non-migrating mesopelagic fishes are often characterized by |
| | A) | streamlined bodies for fast pursuit of prey or escape. |
| | B) | extensible jaws with sharp teeth. |
| | C) | air-filled swim bladders for hanging in the water waiting for prey. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
| | E) | both a and b. |
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29 | |
Bioluminescence in mesopelagic and deep pelagic animals is thought to be used for |
| | A) | distracting predators and luring prey. |
| | B) | blending an animal's body into the background light. |
| | C) | intraspecies communication. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
| | E) | both a and b. |
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