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1 | |
Mangrove forests in the tropics are being destroyed for human uses such as shrimp farming. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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2 | |
Coral bleaching occurs primarily when coral polyps and their zooxanthellae are dead. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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3 | |
Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide may be increasing the earth's temperature because this gas absorbs more infrared radiation from space coming from the sun. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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4 | |
The greatest drop in atmospheric ozone levels, thought to be caused by CFCs, currently occurs over Antarctica. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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5 | |
Eutrophication occurs when excess nutrients enter the ocean and feed decay bacteria, which deplete oxygen. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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6 | |
Dumping of sludge (treated sewage) in the oceans has relatively little effect on marine life compared to dumping of raw sewage. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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7 | |
Oil spilled in the ocean may last for years, but not forever because some of it evaporates and natural bacteria break down the rest. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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8 | |
Oil spills can kill seabirds and some marine mammals by reducing their ability to retain heat. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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9 | |
Oil spills are especially devastating in estuaries where wave action cannot disperse the oil. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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10 | |
As chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides enter a marine food chain, about 80-90% are degraded or lost at each trophic step (similar to the loss in production). |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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11 | |
One major result of the use of DDT as a pesticide was a large reduction in the reproduction rate of some marine birds due to weakened eggshell production. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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12 | |
The use of DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides has been banned worldwide, and the problems they caused are now gone. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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13 | |
PCBs can evaporate, condense upon cooling, then get carried to the surface by precipitation, so that these toxins are now found in high concentrations in polar regions. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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14 | |
The heavy metal mercury is more dangerous as an organic compound than as a metal. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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15 | |
There have been cases of mercury poisoning in humans eating some marine fishes. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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16 | |
Though marine thermal pollution is detrimental in the tropics, it is not much of a problem in colder regions because the increase in heat boosts ocean productivity. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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17 | |
The European green crab is an example of a widespread alien species since it is now found in non-native habitats on both coasts of North America and in the southern hemisphere. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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18 | |
One of the major contributors to the spread of exotic or alien species is ship ballast water. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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19 | |
Threatened or endangered species include some whales, all sea turtles, and some shark species. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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20 | |
Sustainable development refers to human use of resources that meets today's needs without affecting the ability of future generations to meet their needs. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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21 | |
Artificial reefs are another human impact on the oceans that have proved to be destructive to marine life. |
| | A) | T |
| | B) | F |
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22 | |
Coral reefs are being threatened and destroyed by |
| | A) | dynamite and cyanide fishing. |
| | B) | clearing of terrestrial forests for agriculture. |
| | C) | an increase in bacterial and fungal diseases. |
| | D) | all of the above. |
| | E) | both a and b. |
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23 | |
The term endangered species is defined as |
| | A) | a species in decline due to human activities. |
| | B) | a species not in immediate danger of extinction, but potentially becoming so. |
| | C) | a species in immediate danger of extinction. |
| | D) | a species with a low number of individuals. |
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