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True or False Quiz
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1
As blood flows through capillaries, the hydrostatic pressure of the blood forces some fluid out of the capillary walls and into the tissue spaces.
A)True
B)False
2
Tissue fluid is the same as interstitial fluid; and may form lymph fluid that returns to the venous blood through lymphatic vessels.
A)True
B)False
3
Normal blood pH is slightly acidic.
A)True
B)False
4
Albumin is the most common protein in the plasma and acts as an osmotic agent.
A)True
B)False
5
Alpha, beta, and gamma globulins are all plasma proteins produced by the liver; and they all function as antibodies in immune defense against foreign antigens.
A)True
B)False
6
Diapedesis is the amoeboid-like movement of leukocytes as these cells pass through pores in the walls of the capillary to reach sites of infection.
A)True
B)False
7
The neutrophil is the most abundant type of leukocyte, comprising 50% to 70% of all white blood cells in the blood.
A)True
B)False
8
Leukopoiesis is stimulated by cytokines.
A)True
B)False
9
Erythropoietin is a hormone secreted by the kidneys in response to lowered blood oxygen concentrations that stimulates the erythrocyte stem cells in the bone marrow to divide.
A)True
B)False
10
Normoblasts become reticulocytes when the nucleus is expelled.
A)True
B)False
11
People who are blood type O must inherit the genotype ii and will have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies present in their plasma.
A)True
B)False
12
People who are blood type AB develop tolerance to both A and B antigens and thus do not produce either anti-A or anti-B antibodies.
A)True
B)False
13
A prostaglandin derivative that is believed to normally prevent platelets from sticking to each other and to the endothelial lining of healthy blood vessels is called prostacyclin.
A)True
B)False
14
Aspirin is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis and would be expected to inhibit the platelet release reaction and slow the formation of a platelet plug.
A)True
B)False
15
Plasma is actually serum that is lacking the clotting factor protein called albumin.
A)True
B)False
16
When repairs have been made to the vessel, the activated plasma enzyme that digests fibrin and dissolves the clot is called plasmin.
A)True
B)False
17
Heparin is the specific anticoagulant that must be given to a patient for several days before it becomes effective because it competes directly with the action of vitamin K.
A)True
B)False
18
In general, the kidneys regulate the carbon dioxide concentration of the blood and the lungs regulate the bicarbonate concentration of the blood.
A)True
B)False
19
Lactic acid is referred to as a volatile acid because it can be converted into a gas and, thus, its blood concentration can be controlled by the actions of the lungs through proper ventilation.
A)True
B)False
20
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can result in a metabolic alkalosis.
A)True
B)False
21
The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to demonstrate that respiratory acidosis or alkalosis occurs when the bicarbonate concentrations in the blood are abnormal.
A)True
B)False
22
A muscular wall called a septum prevents the mixture of blood between the left and right sides of the heart.
A)True
B)False
23
The myocardial cells of the atria and ventricles are structurally and functionally separated from each other by a fibrous skeleton. Consequently, a special conducting tissue is needed to carry action potentials from the atria to the ventricles.
A)True
B)False
24
The pressure is higher in the right ventricle during all stages of the cardiac cycle.
A)True
B)False
25
The valves between the chambers of the heart open and close due to changes in pressure that occur within the chambers on either side of the valves.
A)True
B)False
26
Normally, both atria contract at the same time, followed shortly by both ventricles contracting at the same time.
A)True
B)False
27
The contraction of both atria is essential for life because it delivers about 80% of the total volume of blood to the ventricles for subsequent ejection.
A)True
B)False
28
During the isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation phases, all four valves in the heart (both sets of AV and semilunar valves) are closed.
A)True
B)False
29
During inhalation the first heart sound may be "split" into two separate sounds as the tricuspid and bicuspid valves close individually.
A)True
B)False
30
A streptococcus bacterial throat infection in susceptible persons may lead to rheumatic fever and rheumatic endocarditis, resulting in damage to the heart valves and detectable murmurs.
A)True
B)False
31
Simple septal defects are usually congenital, resulting in the flow of blood from the right side of the heart to the left side of the heart due to the higher pressure on the right side.
A)True
B)False
32
The fact that the heart of a frog will continue to beat outside of its body without communication by nerves or hormones, as long as the myocardial cells remain alive is called automaticity.
A)True
B)False
33
An ectopic pacemaker (or ectopic focus) is a cluster of myocardial cells located away from the SA node that take over and regulate the cardiac pace.
A)True
B)False
34
The rate of impulse conduction from the SA node is slowed through the AV node, causing a time delay before the ventricles are excited.
A)True
B)False
35
Myocardial contractions can be summed just like contractions of skeletal muscle.
A)True
B)False
36
The body is a good conductor of electricity because tissue fluids contain a high concentration of ions that move in response to changes in the membrane potentials, thereby creating current.
A)True
B)False
37
Lead II in the bipolar leads records the cardiac electrical activity between the left arm and the left leg.
A)True
B)False
38
There are a total of six standard ECG leads that "view" the changing pattern of the heart's electrical activity from different angles.
A)True
B)False
39
The electrocardiogram (ECG) wave patterns designated P, QRS, and T are recordings of action potentials from specific regions in the heart.
A)True
B)False
40
Compared to larger arteries, smaller arteries and arterioles are less elastic and have a thicker layer of smooth muscle for their diameters.
A)True
B)False
41
Fenestrated capillaries are characterized by great distances between endothelial cells that can appear as little cavities or sinusoids in organs like the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
A)True
B)False
42
Varicose veins result from extra blood accumulating in the veins of the legs over a long period of time so that the veins stretch and the valves can no longer prevent blood from flowing backwards.
A)True
B)False
43
Atherosclerosis, accompanied by heart disease and stroke, is responsible for about 50% of the deaths in the United States, Europe, and Japan.
A)True
B)False
44
"Fatty streaks" are gray-white areas that protrude from the tunica intima into the lumen of arteries are the first signs of atherosclerosi and have been observed to a small degree in the aorta and coronary arteries by the age of ten years.
A)True
B)False
45
In the progression of atherosclerosis, macrophages may engulf lipids passing through endothelium of arteries and become "foamy cells."
A)True
B)False
46
Familiar hypercholesteremia results from a genetic defect that does not allow for proper removal of HDLs.
A)True
B)False
47
Persons having higher plasma LDL-cholesterol and lower plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations appear to have a higher risk of developing atherosclerosis.
A)True
B)False
48
About 40%-50% of the calories eaten in a typical fast-food restaurant are derived from the ingestion of fat.
A)True
B)False
49
Ischemia is an inadequate flow of blood (and an inadequate supply of oxygen) to the heart.
A)True
B)False
50
A cardiac rate slower than 60 beats per minute indicates bradycardia; whereas a rate faster than 100 beats per minute is described as tachycardia.
A)True
B)False
51
Because of the importance of the atrial contraction to the filling of the ventricles with blood, fibrillation of the atria with electrical circus rhythms recycling through the myocardium is life threatening.
A)True
B)False
52
In the condition known as first-degree AV node block, damage to the AV node causes slowing of impulse conduction through the heart and the P-R interval exceeds 0.20 seconds in duration.
A)True
B)False
53
Like veins, the walls of lymphatic vessels have the same three layers and contain valves to prevent the backward flow of lymph.
A)True
B)False
54
Lymph is formed by the filtration of plasma from blood capillaries that flows between tissues cells as interstitial fluid and later returns via lymphatic vessels to the blood, completing the cycle.
A)True
B)False
55
Lymph node germinal centers are the sites of pathogen removal by resident phagocytes in the lymphatic system.
A)True
B)False





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