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Sociology is the systematic study of social behavior and human groups. This chapter presents a brief history of the discipline and introduces the concept of the sociological imagination. It surveys sociological theory, and also presents the principles of the scientific method. After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
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| 1. Explain what sociologists mean when they talk about the sociological imagination. |
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| 2. Define theory. |
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| 3. Discuss the contributions to sociology made by Durkheim, Weber, and Marx. |
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| 4. Compare and contrast the views of society held by the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. |
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| 5. Identify the five steps of the scientific method. |
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| 6. Define the terms hypothesis, research design, independent variable, and dependent variable. |
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| 7. Discuss why reliability and validity are important in social scientific research. |
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| 8. Identify examples of the four major research designs. |
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| 9. Differentiate between applied sociology and clinical sociology. |