Read each question carefully and then select the best answer.
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1 | |
Culture is defined as |
| | A) | the largest form of human group. |
| | B) | the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior. |
| | C) | the established standards of behavior maintained by a society. |
| | D) | norms governing everyday behavior. |
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2 | |
People's need for food, shelter, and clothing are examples of what Murdock referred to as |
| | A) | norms. |
| | B) | folkways. |
| | C) | cultural practices. |
| | D) | cultural universals. |
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3 | |
The process of introducing a new idea or object to culture is known as |
| | A) | innovation. |
| | B) | diffusion. |
| | C) | globalization. |
| | D) | cultural relativism. |
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4 | |
The finding of the DNA molecule is an example of a/an |
| | A) | invention. |
| | B) | discovery. |
| | C) | cultural universal. |
| | D) | Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. |
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5 | |
What term do sociologists use to refer to the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society? |
| | A) | innovation |
| | B) | globalization |
| | C) | diffusion |
| | D) | cultural relativism |
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6 | |
The emergence of Starbucks in China represents what aspect of culture throughout the world today? |
| | A) | innovation |
| | B) | globalization |
| | C) | diffusion |
| | D) | cultural relativism |
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7 | |
What term did William Ogburn introduce to refer to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions? |
| | A) | cultural lag |
| | B) | cultural relativism |
| | C) | ethnocentrism |
| | D) | diffusion |
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8 | |
Standards of proper dress are a common example of which one of the following? |
| | A) | informal norms |
| | B) | sanctions |
| | C) | values |
| | D) | formal norms |
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9 | |
Which theoretical perspective maintains that stability requires a consensus and the support of society's members? |
| | A) | conflict theory |
| | B) | interactionist theory |
| | C) | social control theory |
| | D) | functionalist theory |
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10 | |
Which one of the following statements is true from a conflict perspective? |
| | A) | Stability requires a consensus and the support of a society's members. |
| | B) | Cultural traits all work toward stabilizing society. |
| | C) | A common culture serves to maintain the privileges of certain groups. |
| | D) | Practices such as prostitution continue to survive because they contribute to the overall social stability. |
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11 | |
What term do sociologists use to refer to a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society? |
| | A) | dominant culture |
| | B) | counterculture |
| | C) | subculture |
| | D) | superculture |
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12 | |
Anyone who feels disoriented, uncertain, out of place, even fearful, when immersed in an unfamiliar culture may be experiencing |
| | A) | culture lag |
| | B) | culture shock |
| | C) | cultural relativism |
| | D) | xenocentrism |
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13 | |
What is the term used when one places a priority on understanding other cultures, rather than dismissing them as "strange" or "exotic?" |
| | A) | ethnocentrism |
| | B) | culture shock |
| | C) | cultural relativism |
| | D) | xenocentrism |
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14 | |
Evaluating the practices of other cultures on the basis of our own perspective is referred to as: |
| | A) | ethnocentrism |
| | B) | culture shock |
| | C) | cultural relativism |
| | D) | xenocentrism |
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15 | |
Which sociologist below used the phrase looking-glass self to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with other people? |
| | A) | George Herbert Mead |
| | B) | Charles Horton Cooley |
| | C) | Erving Goffman |
| | D) | Jean Piaget |
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16 | |
In which of Mead's stages of the self do children merely imitate the people around them? |
| | A) | The play stage |
| | B) | The game stage |
| | C) | The preparatory stage |
| | D) | The sensorimotor stage |
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17 | |
Mead is best known for his theory of what? |
| | A) | presentation of self |
| | B) | cognitive development |
| | C) | self |
| | D) | impression management |
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18 | |
Suppose a clerk tries to appear busier than he or she actually is when a supervisor happens to be watching. Goffman would study this behavior from what approach? |
| | A) | a functionalist approach |
| | B) | a conflict approach |
| | C) | a psychological approach |
| | D) | an interactionist approach |
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19 | |
Occasionally, assuming new social and occupational positions requires us to unlearn a previous orientation. We refer to this process as what? |
| | A) | anticipatory socialization |
| | B) | socialization |
| | C) | resocialization |
| | D) | the life course |
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20 | |
Which sociological perspective would argue that schools in this country foster competition through built-in systems of reward and punishment? |
| | A) | functionalist perspective |
| | B) | conflict perspective |
| | C) | interactionist perspective |
| | D) | cognitive development perspective |
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21 | |
Research suggests that children spend how many minutes and/or hours per day watching television? |
| | A) | 0:44 |
| | B) | 0:39 |
| | C) | 5:30 |
| | D) | 2:46 |
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22 | |
The Hollywood film Nell best illustrates which aspect of socialization? |
| | A) | The impact of isolation |
| | B) | The importance of a positive self-concept |
| | C) | The looking-glass self |
| | D) | The generalized other |
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23 | |
__________ are the gestures, objects, and language that form the basis of human communication. |
| | A) | Roles |
| | B) | Statuses |
| | C) | Symbols |
| | D) | The looking-glass self |
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24 | |
In what he called the play stage of socialization, George Herbert Mead asserted that people mentally assume the perspectives of others, thereby enabling them to respond from that imagined viewpoint. This process is referred to as |
| | A) | role taking. |
| | B) | the generalized other. |
| | C) | the significant other. |
| | D) | impression management. |
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25 | |
At age 15, Hispanic girls celebrate reaching womanhood with a ceremony called quinceanera. This illustrates |
| | A) | a rite of passage. |
| | B) | the generalized other. |
| | C) | significant others. |
| | D) | impression management. |
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