Please answer all questions

1		The author defines the term __________ "as the supervision by one individual or group over the artistic expression of another individual or group".
			A)	editorial photography
			B)	political arena
			C)	censorship
			D)	afterimage
			E)	collodion process
2		In 1878, Eadweard Muybridge photographed a galloping horse, and discovered that:
			A)	racing horses keep at least one hoof on the ground at all times.
			B)	horses occasionally gallop with all four hooves off the ground.
			C)	racing horses resemble hobby-horses with legs stretched forward and backward.
			D)	off-track betting is an easy way to make a living.
			E)	light-sensitive materials of that day could not stop action.
3		The widespread use by artists of the camera obscura (lit. dark room) began in:
			A)	Classical Greece.
			B)	the court of Louis XVI.
			C)	the Italian Renaissance.
			D)	the Industrial Revolution.
			E)	the mid-19th century.
4		A major difference between the video works of Nam June Paik and the films of modern filmmakers is
			A)	Paik's emphasis upon narrative content.
			B)	Paik's electronically manipulated images.
			C)	the influence of the surrealist movement.
			D)	Paik's development of early animated-film technique.
			E)	Paik's use of commercials to finance his art.
5		Artists primarily used the camera obscura to:
			A)	produce naturalistic drawings of the world.
			B)	develop photographic film in total darkness.
			C)	spy on their neighbors.
			D)	protect their unexposed photographic plates from the sun.
			E)	none of the above.
6		The photographic style which best describes simplified imagery and form reduced to the most essential characteristics is:
			A)	solarization.
			B)	photojournalism.
			C)	editorial photography.
			D)	dada and surrealism.
			E)	abstraction.
7		Orson Welles' film Citizen Kane is considered by many to be one of the best films ever made. It is noted for its:
			A)	epic battle scenes.
			B)	cast of thousands imported from Italy.
			C)	innovative camera angles and composition.
			D)	ingenious comic dialogue.
			E)	use of models and special effects.
8		A major difference between the work of a "pure" or "straight" photographer, such as Alfred Steiglitz, and the work of a photojournalist, such as Sebastiao Salgado, is:
			A)	the choice of subject matter.
			B)	the era in which the photographers worked.
			C)	the different intentions of each photographer.
			D)	the invention of the digital camera.
			E)	the cost of hiring models.
9		Diane Arbus' portrait may be characterized by the photographer's
			A)	unusual subjects revealed in absurd situations.
			B)	respect for the tradition of Matthew Brady.
			C)	pictorialist approach to portraiture.
			D)	use of solarization.
			E)	all of the above
10		Early examples of art photography often imitated:
			A)	the brush strokes of Renaissance painters.
			B)	the dada photographic collages of Hannah Hoch.
			C)	film stills from grade-B Hollywood movies.
			D)	Leonardo da Vinci's painting of The Last Supper.
			E)	the narrative form of painting.
11		In addition to his highly successful career as a portrait photographer, Mathew Brady was the first photographer to document a major war. Which war did he and his team photograph?
			A)	The Vietnam War.
			B)	World War I.
			C)	The War of 1812.
			D)	The American Civil War.
			E)	The Spanish-American War.
12		The Farm Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculture:
			A)	hired filmmaker Alfred Hitchcock to make a film about crop dusting.
			B)	encouraged Future Farmers of America to photograph activities related to dairy farming and everyday rural life.
			C)	owned controlling shares of the Eastman Kodak Company in 1929.
			D)	sponsored photography classes in high schools across the country.
			E)	paid photographers to document the Great Depression.
13		According to the author, "the individual most responsible for establishing photography as an art form" was:
			A)	Fred Ott.
			B)	Joseph Nicephore Niepce
			C)	Alfred Steiglitz.
			D)	Lewis Carroll.
			E)	Dorothea Lange.
14		The Surrealist movement that arose after World War I involved a fascination with:
			A)	pictorialism and photography of the American West.
			B)	television and video art.
			C)	the American Civil War.
			D)	the unconscious.
			E)	the middle ages in Sweden.
15		The Lumière Brothers:
			A)	originated the concept of auteur in filmmaking.
			B)	invented the first workable film projector.
			C)	invented the first recorded film soundtrack.
			D)	collaborated with Thomas Edison in making short films.
			E)	none of the above.
16		__________ is the photograph that is most closely associated with Alfred Stieglitz's assertion that for photography to be an art, it should be true to its own nature.
			A)	Abstraction
			B)	Fading Away
			C)	The Steerage
			D)	Migrant Mother
			E)	Nightview, New York
17		Despite an enthusiastic public acceptance, the success of the daguerreotype was limited by:
			A)	a strict international patent.
			B)	the inability to make multiple images from one negative.
			C)	painters who believed photography was not art.
			D)	the invention of the motion picture.
			E)	the cost of silver.
18		In 1860 Abraham Lincoln posed for a carte de visite portrait. This photograph helped shape his political career since:
			A)	it was reproduced photographically in newspapers across the country.
			B)	it made Lincoln look more sophisticated.
			C)	the photographic process enabled unlimited multiple images to be produced.
			D)	Matthew Brady was the most famous photographer of the day.
			E)	it was the last photograph taken of Lincoln before he was assassinated.
19		In 1888 the Kodak camera changed the history of photography
			A)	by making photography easily accessible to the general public.
			B)	when George Eastman invented color film.
			C)	when Roy DeCarava began making photographs of everyday life.
			D)	when the "snapshot" replaced art photography.
			E)	all of the above.
20		The works of Henry Peach Robinson and Mariko Mori exemplify the photographers':
			A)	manipulation and combination of different photographic images in one work.
			B)	editorial approach to photography.
			C)	use of the computer to create new photographic images.
			D)	intention to make the viewer become part of the photograph as they move through it.
			E)	none of the above.