| Group | Two or more people who interact with each other to accomplish certain goals or meet certain needs.
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| Team | A group whose members work intensely with one another to achieve a specific, common goal or objective.
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| Synergy | Performance gains that result when individuals and departments coordinate their actions.
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| Formal group | A group that managers establish to achieve organizational goals.
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| Informal group | A group that managers or nonmanagerial employees form to help achieve their own goals or meet their own needs.
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| Top management team | A group composed of the CEO, COO, and heads of the most important departments.
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| Research and development team | A team whose members have the expertise and experience needed to develop new products.
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| Command group | A group composed of subordinates who report to the same supervisor; also called department or unit.
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| Task force | A committee of managers or nonmanagerial employees from various departments or divisions who meet to solve a specific, mutual problem; also called ad hoc committee.
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| Self-managed work team | A group of employees who supervise their own activities and monitor the quality of the goods and services they provide.
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| Virtual team | A team whose members rarely or never meet face-toface but rather interact by using various forms of information technology such as email, computer networks, telephone, fax, and videoconferences.
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| Friendship group | An informal group composed of employees who enjoy each other's company and socialize with each other.
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| Interest group | An informal group composed of employees seeking to achieve a common goal related to their membership in an organization.
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| Division of labor | Splitting the work to be performed into particular tasks and assigning tasks to individual workers.
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| Task interdependence | The degree to which the work performed by one member of a group influences the work performed by other members.
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| Pooled task interdependence | The task interdependence that exists when group members make separate and independent contributions to group performance.
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| Sequential task interdependence | The task interdependence that exists when group members must perform specific tasks in a predetermined order.
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| Reciprocal task interdependence | The task interdependence that exists when the work performed by each group member is fully dependent on the work performed by other group members.
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| Group role | A set of behaviors and tasks that a member of a group is expected to perform because of his or her position in the group.
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| Role making | Taking the initiative to modify an assigned role by assuming additional responsibilities.
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| Group norms | Shared guidelines or rules for behavior that most group members follow.
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| Group cohesiveness | The degree to which members are attracted or loyal to a group.
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| Social loafing | The tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they work in groups than when they work alone.
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