1. BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
In the Field: Doing Biological Anthropology
What Is Biological Anthropology?
Bioanthropology and Science
The Scientific Method
Belief Systems
Contemporary Reflections: Is Evolution a Fact, a Theory Or Just a Hypothesis?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Key Terms
Suggested Readings2. THE EVOLUTION OF EVOLUTION
"On the Shoulders of Giants": Explaining the Changing Earth
"Common Sense at Its Best": Explaining Biological Change
Contemporary Reflections: Has Science Dehumanized Society?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Key Terms
Suggested Readings3. EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS
How Genes Work
An Overview of the Human Genome
From Gene to Trait
How Inheritance Works
Contemporary Reflections: What Is Genetic Cloning?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Key Terms
Suggested Readings4. THE PROCESSES OF EVOLUTION
Species: The Units of Evolution
Mutations: Necessary Errors
Natural Selection: The Prime Mover of Evolution
Gene Flow: Mixing Populations' Genes
Genetic Drift: Random Evolution
Sickle Cell Anemia: Evolutionary Processes in Action
Contemporary Reflections: Are Humans Still Evolving?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Key Terms
Suggested Readings5. THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES AND THE SHAPE OF EVOLUTION
New Species
Adaptive Radiation: The Evolution of Life's Diversity
The Shape of the Family Tree
Evolution Questioned: The Pseudoscience of "Scientific Creationism"
Contemporary Reflections: Can We See Evolution in Action?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Key Terms
Suggested Readings6. A BRIEF EVOLUTIONARY TIMETABLE
From the Beginning: A Quick History
Drifting Continents and Mass Extinctions: The Pace of Change
Contemporary Reflections: Are Mass Extinctions a Thing of the Past?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Key Terms
Suggested Readings7. THE PRIMATES
Naming the Animals
Linnaean Taxonomy
Cladistics
What Is a Primate?
The Senses
Movement
Reproduction
Intelligence
Behavior Patterns
A Survey of the Living Primates
Prosimians
Anthropoids
The Human Primate
The Senses
Movement
Reproduction
Intelligence
Behavior Patterns
Contemporary Reflections: What is the Status of Our Closest Relatives?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Key Terms
Suggested Readings8. PRIMATE BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN EVOLUTION
Studying Behavior
Baboons
Chimpanzees
Bonobos
Contemporary Reflections: Are Some Human Behaviors Genetic?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Key Terms
Suggested Readings9. STUDYING THE HUMAN PAST
Bones: The Primate Skeleton
Old Bones: Locating, Recovering, and Dating Fossils
How Fossils Get To Be Fossils
Genes: New Windows to the Past
Contemporary Reflections: Who Owns Old Bones?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Key Terms
Suggested Readings10. EVOLUTION OF THE HOMINIDS
The Origin and Evolution of the Primates
The Early Hominids: Bipedal Primates
Searching for the First Hominids
Bipedalism
The Benefits of Bipedalism
Explaining the Emergence of Bipedalism
The Hominids Evolve
Still More Hominids
Putting It All Together
Contemporary Reflections: Where Is the "Missing Link"?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Key Terms
Suggested Readings11. THE EVOLUTION OF GENUS HOMO
Lumpers and Splitters: An Organizing Plan
The First Members of Genus Homo
To New Lands
Big Brains, Archaic Skulls
The Neandertals
Modern Humans
Contemporary Reflections: What Do We Mean By "Human"?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Key Terms
Suggested Readings12. THE DEBATE OVER MODERN HUMAN ORIGINS
The Models
The Recent African Origin (RAO) Model
The Multiregional Evolution (MRE) Model
The Evidence
The Fossil Record
Genetics
Evolutionary Theory
Is There An Alternative Model?
Contemporary Reflections: Is There a Connection Between Modern Human Origins and Race?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Key Terms
Suggested Readings13. THE STUDY OF LIVING PEOPLES
Evolution Within Populations
Describing Populations
Human Adaptations
Species Adaptations
Variation in Adaptations
Are All Polymorphisms Adaptively Important?
Disease and Human Populations
The Bioanthropology of Individuals
Comtemporary Reflections: Where Is the Population Crisis?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Key Terms
Suggested Readings14. HUMAN BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
Sex and Gender
Race as a Biological Concept
Why Are There No Biological Races within the
Human Species?
Human Phenotypic Variation
Genetic Variation
Evolutionary Theory
What, Then, Are Human Races?
Race, Bioanthropology, and Social Issues
Contemporary Reflections: Are There Racial Differences in Athletic Ability?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Key Terms
Suggested Readings15. BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND TODAY'S WORLD
Forensic Anthropology: Reading the Bones
Lessons from the Past
Bioanthropology and Global Issues
Contemporary Reflections: What Can One Do with a Degree In Bioanthropology?
Summary
Questions for Further Thought
Suggested Readings
Appendix: Genes in Populations
Exercises in Biological Anthropology
Glossary of Human and Nonhuman Primates
Glossary of Terms
Bibliography
Credits
Index
2005