| Multiregional Evolution (MRE) model | The hypothesis that Homo sapiens is about 2 million years old and that modern human traits evolved in geographically diverse locations and then spread through the species. Compare with Recent African Origin model.
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| Out-of-Africa model | Another name for the Recent African Origin model.
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| Recent African Origin (RAO) model | The hypothesis that Homo sapiens recently evolved as a separate species in Africa and then spread to replace more archaic populations. Compare with Multiregional Evolution model.
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| nuclear DNA | The genetic material in the nucleus of a cell.
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| mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) | The genetic material found in the cell’s mitochondria rather than in the cell’s nucleus. The mtDNA does not play a role in inheritance and thus may give a more accurate measure of the genetic differences among populations.
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| symbiosis | "An adaptive relationship between two different species, often, but not necessarily, of mutual benefit."
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| endogamy | Restricting marriage to members of the same culturally defined group.
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