Please choose the best answer to the following questions.

1.			Based on current available evidence it appears that fully modern-looking people first appeared about _____ ya.
			A)	220,000
			B)	190,000
			C)	160,000
			D)	130,000
2.			What question do the Recent African Origin model and the Multiregional Evolution model try to answer?
			A)	Why are Homo sapiens bipedal?
			B)	When and where did modern Homo sapiens originate?
			C)	How did we migrate to the New World?
			D)	None of the above.
3.			Which of the following is part of the Recent African Origin model?
			A)	Modern looking Homo sapiens spread over the Old World from Africa, replacing archaic populations when they came in contact.
			B)	The degree of species mobility resulted in sufficient gene flow to maintain a single species.
			C)	Homo sapiens arose in Africa as much as 2 mya.
			D)	Both A and C.
4.			Which of the following is part of the Multiregional Evolution model?
			A)	There must be distinctions between our modern species and archaic humans that clearly distinguish us as separate species.
			B)	Fossil transition between premodern and modern humans should occur only in the single region in which moderns evolved.
			C)	The physical features we associate with modern humans appeared everywhere but may have been manifested in different ways.
			D)	All of the above.
5.			The Replacement model is another name for the
			A)	Recent African Origin model.
			B)	Multiregional Evolution model.
			C)	Out-of-Africa model.
			D)	Both A and C.
6.			One conclusion of the Multiregional Evolution model is that, if premodern groups are in fact members of our species, then the rules of taxonomy dictate that the earliest name used for any of them must be applied to them all. Thus, if all six species of Homo are indeed the same species, they would all be
			A)	Homo antecessor.
			B)	Homo neanderthalensis.
			C)	Homo sapiens.
			D)	Homo erectus.
7.			As suggested by the RAO model, forms transitional between archaic species and Homo sapiens are
			A)	found only in Africa.
			B)	found all over the Old World.
			C)	never overlap in time.
			D)	all part of the same species.
8.			Which type of human DNA is useful for comparisons across geographic populations?
			A)	DNA in the nucleus of the cells.
			B)	Mitochondrial DNA.
			C)	DNA on the Y chromosome.
			D)	All the above.
9.			Mitochondrial DNA is inherited
			A)	only through the female line.
			B)	only through the male line.
			C)	through both males and females.
			D)	passed on only to males.
10.			The plausibility of the Multiregional Evolution model resides strongly on gene flow. Christopher Stringer, a proponent of the Recent African Origin model, thinks such gene flow is unlikely due to which reason?
			A)	Until recent times, hominid populations were too thinly spread across the three continents of the Old World to be so connected by gene flow.
			B)	There were too many geographical barriers.
			C)	Even if different human groups were potentially interfertile, would they have wanted to share their genes?
			D)	All of the above.
11.			If there were interbreeding between Neandertals and moderns that led to hybrid individuals, then
			A)	Neandertals and moderns were members of different species.
			B)	Neandertals and moderns were members of the same species.
			C)	the RAO model would be correct.
			D)	the offspring would be a different species.
12.			Which theme is found in all accepted members of genus Homo?
			A)	sloped foreheads
			B)	sagittal crest
			C)	big brains
			D)	All of the above.
13.			What does the alternate model to the RAO and MRE models propose?
			A)	While most of the ancestors of modern humans are from Africa, not all are.
			B)	Evidence from genetics tends to point to greater genetic diversity in Africa.
			C)	Not all expansions were necessarily out of Africa.
			D)	All of the above.
14.			Race is
			A)	a cultural construct.
			B)	a biological construct.
			C)	nothing more than genotypic variation.
			D)	in response to environmental circumstances.
15.			In the lumper-splitter debate, which model do the lumpers prefer
			A)	Recent African Origin model
			B)	Multiregional Evolution model
			C)	Out-of-Africa model
			D)	Replacement model