| homologies | Traits shared by two or more species through inheritance from a common ancestor. Such traits need not serve the same function. An example would be the arms of a human and the wings of a bat. We assume that many similar behaviors among humans and chimpanzees are also homologies.
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| analogies | "Traits shared by two or more species that are similar in function but unrelated evolutionarily, for example, the wings of a bird and of an insect."
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| sociobiology | The scientific study that examines evolutionary explanations for social behaviors within species.
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| evolutionary psychology | Another name for sociobiology.
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| behavioral ecology | Another name for sociobiology.
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| inclusive fitness | "The idea that fitness is measured by the success of one’s genes, whether possessed by the individual or by that individual’s relatives."
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| altruistic | Benefiting others without regard for one’s own needs or safety.
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| reproductive strategies | Behaviors that evolve to maximize an individual’s reproductive success.
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| ethology | The study of the natural behavior of animals under natural conditions.
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| savanna | The open grasslands of the tropics. The savannas of Africa are important in early hominid evolution.
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