| Absence seizure | An abnormal electrical discharge in the brain in which the individual experiences a momentary loss of consciousness.
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| Adaptive equipment | Specialized devices designed for and used to help a student perform some function.
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| Anaphylactic reaction | A severe allergic reaction that can be potentially life-threatening. It sometimes occurs with asthma.
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| Aura | A seizure that only results in a sensory sensation, such as a certain taste or smell. Auras can be used as a warning that a more serious seizure might occur.
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| Challenge test | A test used to determine the reduction of lung capacity to help diagnose asthma.
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| Closed head injury | A brain injury in which the skull is not penetrated.
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| Complex partial seizure | An abnormal electrical discharge in the brain in which the individual displays behaviors such as agitation, eye blinking, facial grimacing, and occasionally aggression.
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| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | The most prevalent type of muscular dystrophy; it primarily affects males. It involves progressive muscle weakness and usually results in death in the early 20s.
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| Generalized tonic-clonic seizure | An abnormal electrical discharge in the brain in which the individual becomes extremely rigid, loses consciousness, and displays rhythmic jerking.
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| Individualized heath (care) plan | A plan developed to provide teachers with information about the health care status, prescribed health care procedures, and the physical management procedures for a student.
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| Meningocele | A type of spina bifida in which the membranes surrounding the spinal cord protrude through a hold in the vertebrae forming a sac.
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| Myelomeningocele | The most sever type of spina bifida in which the spinal cord protrude through a hole in the back that can result in paralysis of the lower limbs.
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| Open head injury | A brain injury in which the skull is penetrated and a portion of the brain is exposed.
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| Orthopedic impairment | An impairment caused by a congenital anomaly, disease, or other causes such as cerebral palsy.
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| Orthoses | Equipment that enhances the use of a body part.
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| Other health impairment | An impairment affecting an individual's vitality, strength, or alertness.
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| Prostheses | Equipment that replaces a body part.
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| Shunt | A surgical procedure for hydrocephaly in which a valve is implanted that directs cerebrospinal fluid from the brain into the bloodstream.
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| Simple partial seizure | An abnormal electrical discharge in the brain in which the individual might have abnormal muscle movements or sensory sensations such as a certain taste or smell.
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| Spina bifida occulta | A condition in which an opening exists in one or more of the vertebrae in the spinal column.
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| Traumatic brain injury | An acquired injury to the brain caused by an external force.
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| Universal precautions | A set of guidelines designed to prevent exposure to blood-borne pathogens.
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