| Attention Trainer | A battery-operated device that keeps track of points or point losses.
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| Behavioral inhibition | Difficulty inhibiting and/or monitoring behaviors.
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| Cognitive behavior modification (CBM) | An educational approach to help students internalize efficient learning strategies by actively involving them in the learning process using verbalization, modeled strategies, and a planned, reflective goal statement.
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| Executive functioning | The activation, organization, planning, integration, and management of cognitive functions.
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| 504 Plan | A plan to determine what accommodations will be implemented in the classroom for a student who does not qualify for services under IDEA 04 as per the requirements of Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act.
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| Home-based contingency programs | Reinforcement is provided at home based on school performance.
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| Paradoxical effect | The mistaken notion that stimulant medications such as Ritalin have an opposite effect on individuals with AD/HD than on individuals without AD/HD.
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| Peer-assisted learning strategies (PALS) | An expansion of the basic structure of the classwide peer tutoring system (CWPT) that engages students in strategic reading activities.
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| Peer-mediation instruction | One partner performs while the other monitors and corrects errors and then roles are reversed.
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| Precision teaching | A system of evaluating and improving instruction characterized by direct, continuous, and precise measurements of student progress using response rate.
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| Self-regulation | Self-control that enables an individual to act in a manner that influences his or her own behavior.
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| Self-monitoring | The observation and recording of one's own behavior.
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| Self-reinforcement | Evaluating and reinforcing oneself.
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| TOAD system | An observational system that stands for Talking out, Out of seat, Attention problems, and Distraction.
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| Tone-prompt system | A tape recorder that intermittently plays soft tones to remind a student to monitor him- or herself.
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