| Alternative communication | Techniques that substitute spoken communication for those individuals who appear unable or unlikely to develop spoken language skills.
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| Articulation disorder | The atypical production of speech sounds.
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| Augmentative communication | Methods and devices that supplement existing verbal communication skills to enhance the communication skills that the individual already exhibits.
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| Basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS) | Conversational abilities that LEP students may master quite easily.
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| Cleft palate | An organic structural defect caused by the failure of parts of the mouth or lips (cleft lip) to fuse appropriately during fetal development.
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| Cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP) | The more complex, abstract language use related to problem solving, evaluating, and inferring.
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| Communication | The process by which on individual relates ideas to another. It includes, among other aspects, language and speech.
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| Fluency disorder | The atypical flow of verbal expression, characterized by impaired rate and rhythm.
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| Language | A code in which arbitrary symbols stand for meaning, and the rules that govern them.
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| Language disorder | The impairment or deviant development of comprehension or the use of a spoken, written, or other symbol system.
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| Morpheme | The minimally significant unit of meaning.
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| Morphological disorder | Omitting or misusing specific morphemes beyond the typical age to do so.
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| Morphology | The rules governing the use of minimally significant units of meaning.
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| Peer support interventions | Procedures used to increase peer interactions between children with and without communication disorders.
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| Phoneme | The minimally significant unit of sound.
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| Phonological processes | Rules that simplify adult speech forms.
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| Phonological processing disorder | Difficulty in learning the rules for using speech sounds in the absence of any obvious physical limitations.
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| Phonology | The system of speech sounds and the rules governing their use.
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| Pragmatic disorder | Difficulty in using language appropriately in a setting.
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| Pragmatics | A system of rules governing the use and function of language.
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| Semantics | A system of rules governing the meaning of words and word combinations.
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| Semantics disorder | Difficulty in vocabulary development.
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| Specific language impairment (SLI) | A child language disorder that exists in the absence of any other developmental disability or obvious structural or neurological problems.
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| Speech | The physical production of language.
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| Speech disorder | An impairment in the articulation of speech sound, fluency, or voice.
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| Speech or language impairment | According to IDEA, this is a communication disorder, such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment, that adversely affects a child's educational performance.
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| Syntactic disorder | A disorder in which one uses simple sentences when more complex structures should be used or confuses word order when forming sentences or using more complex structures.
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| Syntax | The rules of word function and word order.
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| Voice disorder | Atypical production of voice quality, pitch, or loudness.
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