| Cohort Effects | A difference in skills across cohorts (i.e., persons who migrate at a particular interval of time).
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| Efficient Turnover | The mechanism that labor markets use to correct errors in job match, and leads to a better and more efficient allocation of resources. It increases the total value of labor's product in a competitive economy.
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| Immigration Surplus | The increase in national income as a result of immigration that accrues to native-born workers. The immigrant surplus arises because the increase in national income from hiring an immigrant worker exceeds what it costs to hire this worker. The immigrant surplus, while positive, is not evenly distributed through the native-born population.
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| Job Match | A particular pairing of a firm and a worker.
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| Labor Mobility | The process of workers searching for better jobs (i.e., jobs where they are more productive and earn higher wages) and firms searching for better workers that results in workers moving between firms. Thus, labor mobility is a mechanism that markets use to improve the allocation of workers to firms.
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| Positive and Negative Selection | The migration flow which is composed of workers in the upper tail of the skill distribution in source country is called positive selection whereas the immigrant flow which is composed of the least skilled workers in the source country is called negative selection.
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| Return Migration | The decision to return to the original location (country) of origin.
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| Repeat Migration | The decision to continue moving to another location (i.e., to migrate more than once).
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| The Roy Model | The model which describes how workers sort themselves among employment opportunities. A key insight of the Roy model with regard to labor mobility is that the relative payoff to skills across countries determines the skill composition of the immigrant flow.
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| Tied Movers | Persons who move even though their employment outlook is better at the current residence because the total family gain exceeds their loss.
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| Tied Stayers | Persons who sacrifice better employment opportunities available elsewhere because job opportunities of their other family members are better off in their current residence.
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